Preparation of heterologous proteins on oil bodies

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to the use of a class of genes called oil body protein genes that have unique features. The discovery of these features allowed the invention of methods for the production of recombinant proteins wherein a protein of interest can be easily separated from other host cell components. The invention is further exemplified by methods for exploitation of the unique characteristics of the oil body proteins and oil body genes for expression of polypeptides of interest in many organisms, particularly plant seeds. Said polypeptides may include but are not limited to: seed storage proteins, enzymes, bioactive peptides, antibodies and the like. The invention can also be modified to recover recombinant polypeptides fused to oil body proteins from non-plant host cells. Additionally the invention provides a method of using recombinant proteins associated with seed oil bodies released during seed germination for expression of polypeptides that afford protection to seedlings from pathogens. Finally, the persistent association of oil body proteins with the oil body can be further utilized to develop a biological means to create novel immobilized enzymes useful for bioconversion of substrates.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/210,843 that was filed Dec. 15, 1998, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/846,021 that was filed Apr. 25, 1997 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,948,682), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/366,783 that was filed on Dec. 30, 1994 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,554), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/142,418 that was filed Nov. 16, 1993 (now abandoned), which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/659,835 that was filed on Feb. 22, 1991 (now abandoned), all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to novel methods for the preparation of heterologous proteins.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Many very diverse methods have been tested for the production of recombinant molecules of interest and commercial value. Different organisms that have been considered as hosts for foreign protein expression include single celled organisms such as bacteria and yeasts, cells and cell cultures of animals, fungi and plants and whole organisms such as plants, insects and transgenic animals.

[0004] The use of fermentation techniques for large scale production of bacteria, yeasts and higher organism cell cultures is well established. The capital costs associated with establishment of the facility and the costs of maintenance are negative economic factors. Although the expression levels of proteins that can be achieved are high, energy inputs and protein purification costs can greatly increase the cost of recombinant protein production.

[0005] The production of a variety of proteins of therapeutic interest has been described in transgenic animals, however the cost of establishing substantial manufacturing is prohibitive for all but high value proteins. Numerous foreign proteins have been expressed in whole plants and selected plant organs. Methods of stably inserting recombinant DNA into plants have become routine and the number of species that are now accessible to these methods has increased greatly.

[0006] Plants represent a highly effective and economical means to produce recombinant proteins as they can be grown on a large scale with modest cost inputs and most commercially important species can now be transformed. Although the expression of foreign proteins has been clearly demonstrated, the development of systems with commercially viable levels of expression coupled with cost effective separation techniques has been limited.

[0007] The production of recombinant proteins and peptides in plants has been investigated using a variety of approaches including transcriptional fusions using a strong constitutive plant promoter (e.g., from cauliflower mosaic virus (Sijmons et al., 1990, Bio/Technology, 8:217-221); transcriptional fusions with organ specific promoter sequences (Radke et al., 1988, Theoret. Appl. Genet., 75:685-694); and translational fusions which require subsequent cleavage of a recombinant protein (Vanderkerckove et al., 1989, Bio/Technology, 7:929-932).

[0008] Foreign proteins that have been successfully expressed in plant cells include proteins from bacteria (Fraley et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. USA, 80:4803-4807), animals (Misra and Gedamu, 1989, Theor. Appl. Genet., 78:161-168), fungi and other plant species (Fraley et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:4803-4807). Some proteins, predominantly markers of DNA integration, have been expressed in specific cells and tissues including seeds (Sen Gupta-Gopalan et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:3320-3324); Radke et al., 1988, Theor. Appl. Genet., 75:685-694). Seed specific research has been focused on the use of seed-storage protein promoters as a means of deriving seed-specific expression. Using such a system, Vanderkerckove et al., (1989, Bio/Technol., 7:929-932) expressed the peptide leu-enkephalin in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. The level of expression of this peptide was quite low and it appeared that expression of this peptide was limited to endosperm tissue.

[0009] It has been generally shown that the construction of chimeric genes which contain the promoter from a given regulated gene and a coding sequence of a reporter protein not normally associated with that promoter gives rise to regulated expression of the reporter. The use of promoters from seed-specific genes for the expression of recombinant sequences in seed that are not normally expressed in a seed-specific manner have been described.

[0010] Sengupta-Gopalan et al., (1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:3320-3324) reported expression of a major storage protein of french bean, called β-phaseolin, in tobacco plants. The gene expressed correctly in the seeds and only at very low levels elsewhere in the plant. However, the constructs used by Sengupta-Gopalan were not chimeric. The entire β-phaseolin gene including the native 5′-flanking sequences were used. Subsequent experiments with other species (Radke et al., 1988, Theor. App. Genet. 75:685-694) or other genes (Perez-Grau, L., Goldberg, R. B., 1989, Plant Cell, 1:1095-1109) showed the fidelity of expression in a seed-specific manner in both Arabidopsis and Brassica. Radke et al., (1988, vide supra), used a “tagged” gene i.e., one containing the entire napin gene plus a non-translated “tag”.

[0011] The role of the storage proteins is to serve as a reserve of nitrogen during seed germination and growth. Although storage protein genes can be expressed at high levels, they represent a class of protein whose complete three-dimensional structure appears important for proper packaging and storage. The storage proteins generally assemble into mulfimeric units which are arranged in specific bodies in endosperm tissue. Perturbation of the structure by the addition of foreign peptide sequences leads to storage proteins unable to be packaged properly in the seed.

[0012] In addition to nitrogen, the seed also stores lipids. The storage of lipids occurs in oil or lipid bodies. Analysis of the contents of lipid bodies has demonstrated that in addition to triglyceride and membrane lipids, there are also several polypeptides/proteins associated with the surface or lumen of the oil body (Bowman-Vance and Huang, 1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262:11275-11279, Murphy et al., 1989, Biochem; J., 258:285-293, Taylor et al., 1990, Planta, 181:18-26). Oil-body proteins have been identified in a wide range of taxonomically diverse species (Moreau et al., 1980, Plant Physiol., 65:1176-1180; Qu et al., 1986, Biochem. J., 235:57-65) and have been shown to be uniquely localized in oil-bodies and not found in organelles of vegetative tissues. In Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) there are at least three polypeptides associated with the oil-bodies of developing seeds (Taylor et al., 1990, Planta, 181:18-26).

[0013] The oil bodies that are produced in seeds are of a similar size (Huang A. H. C., 1985, in Modern Meths. Plant Analysis, Vol. 1:145-151 Springer-Verlag, Berlin). Electron microscopic observations have shown that the oil-bodies are surrounded by a membrane and are not freely suspended in the cytoplasm. These oil-bodies have been variously named by electron microscopists as oleosomes, lipid bodies and spherosomes (Gurr M I., 1980, in The Biochemistry of Plants, 4:205-248, Acad. Press, Orlando, Fla.). The oil-bodies of the species that have been studied are encapsulated by an unusual “half-unit” membrane comprising, not a classical lipid bilayer, but rather a single amphophilic layer with hydrophobic groups on the inside and hydrophillic groups on the outside (Huang, A. H. C., 1985, in Modern Meths. Plant Analysis, Vol. 1:145-151 Springer-Verlag, Berlin).

[0014] The numbers and sizes of oil-body associated proteins may vary from species to species. In corn, for example, there are two immunologically distinct polypeptide classes found in oil-bodies (Bowman-Vance and Huang, 1988, J. Biol. Chem., 263:1476-1481). Oleosins have been shown to comprise alternate hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions (Bowman-Vance and Huang, 1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262:11275-11279). The amino acid sequences of oleosins from corn, rapeseed, and carrot have been obtained. See Qu and Huang, 1990, J. Biol. Chem., 265:2238-2243, Hatzopoulos et al., 1990, Plant Cell, 2:457-467, respectively. In an oilseed such as rapeseed, oleosin may comprise between 8% (Taylor et al., 1990, Planta, 181:18-26) and 20% (Murphy et al., 1989, Biochem.j., 258:285-293) of total seed protein. Such a level is comparable to that found for many seed storage proteins.

[0015] Genomic clones encoding oil-body proteins with their associated upstream regions have been reported for several species, including maize (Zea mays, Bowman-Vance and Huang, 1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262:11275-11279; and Qu Huang, 1990, J. Biol. Chem., 265:2238-2243) and carrot (Hatzopoulos et al.,1990, Plant Cell, 2:457-467). cDNAs and genomic clones have also been reported for cultivated oilseeds, Brassica napus (Murphy, et al., 1991, Biochem. Biophys.Acta, 1088:86-94; and Lee and Huang, 1991, Plant Physiol 96:1395-1397), sunflower (Cummins and Murphy, 1992, Plant Molec. Biol. 19:873-878) soybean (Kalinski et al., 1991, Plant Molec. Biol. 17: 1095-1098), and cotton (Hughes et al., 1993, Plant Physiol 101:697-698). Reports on the expression of these oil-body protein genes in developing seeds have varied. In the case of Zea mays, transcription of genes encoding oil-body protein isoforms began quite early in seed development and were easily detected 18 days after pollination. In non-endospermic seeds such as the dicotyledonous plant Brassica napus (canola, rapeseed), expression of oil-body protein genes seems to occur later in seed development (Murphy, et al., 1989, Biochem. J., 258:285-293) compared to corn.

[0016] A maize oleosin has been expressed in seed oil bodies in Brassica napus transformed with a Zea mays oleosin gene. The gene was expressed under the control of regulatory elements from a Brassica gene encoding napin, a major seed storage protein. The temporal regulation and tissue specificity of expression was reported to be correct for a napin gene promoter/terminator (Lee et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:6181-6185).

[0017] Thus the above demonstrates that oil body proteins (or oleosins) from various plant sources share a number of similarities in both structure and expression. However, at the time of the above references it was generally believed that modifications to oleosins or oil body proteins would likely lead to abherant targeting and instability of the protein product. (Vande Kerckhove et al., 1989. Bio/Technology, 7:929-932; Radke et al., 1988. Theor. and Applied Genetics, 75:685-694; and Hoffman et al., 1988. Plant Mol. Biol. 11:717-729).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention describes the use of an oil body protein gene to target the expression of a heterologous polypeptide, to an oil body in a host cell. The unique features of both the oil body protein and the expression patterns are used in this invention to provide a means of synthesizing commercially important proteins on a scale that is difficult if not impossible to achieve using conventional systems of protein production.

[0019] In particular, the present invention provides a method for the expression of a heterologous polypeptide by a host cell said method comprising: a) introducing into a host cell a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said host cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell; and b) growing said host cell to produce the fusion polypeptide.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for the production and release of a heterologous polypeptide from a fusion polypeptide associated with a plant oil body fraction during seed germination and plant seedling growth, said method comprising: a) introducing into a plant cell a first chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said plant cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence wherein said nucleic acid second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to an oil body, linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide and (iii) a linker nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is specifically cleavable by enzymatic means wherein said linker nucleic acid sequence (iii) is located between said nucleic acid sequence (i) encoding the oil body protein and said nucleic acid sequence (ii) encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region; b) sequentially or concomitantly introducing into the genome of said plant a second chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription specifically during seed germination and seed growth of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a specific enzyme that is capable of cleaving the linker nucleic acid sequence of said first chimeric nucleic acid sequence; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region; c) regenerating a plant from said plant cell and growing said plant to produce seed whereby said fusion polypeptide is expressed and associated with oil bodies and d) allowing said seed to germinate wherein said enzyme in said second chimeric nucleic acid sequence is expressed and cleaves the heterologous polypeptide from the fusion polypeptide associated with the oil bodies during seed germination and early seedling growth.

[0021] The present invention further provides a method for producing an altered seed meal by producing a heterologous polypeptide in association with a plant seed oil body fraction, said method comprising: a) introducing into a plant cell a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said plant cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to an oil body, linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region; b) regenerating a plant from said plant cell and growing said plant to produce seed whereby said heterologous polypeptide is expressed and associated with oil bodies; and c) crushing said seed and preparing an altered seed meal.

[0022] The present invention yet also provides a method of preparing an enzyme in a host cell in association with an oil body and releasing said enzyme from the oil body, said method comprising: a) transforming a host cell with a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to an oil body; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an enzyme and (iii) a linker nucleic acid sequence located between said nucleic acid sequence (i) encoding the oil body and said nucleic acid sequence (ii) encoding the enzyme and encoding an amino acid sequence that is cleavable by the enzyme encoded by the nucleic acid sequence (ii); and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in said host cell b) growing the host cell to produce the fusion polypeptide under conditions such that enzyme is not active; c) recovering the oil bodies containing the fusion polypeptide; and d) altering the environment of the oil bodies such that the enzyme is activated and cleaves itself from the fusion polypeptide.

[0023] The present invention further provides a method for the expression of a heterologous polypeptide by a host cell in association with an oil body and separating said heterologous polypeptide from the oil body, said method comprising: a) transforming a first host cell with a first chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said host cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a first fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the first fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and (iii) a linker nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is specifically cleavable by enzymatic means wherein said linker nucleic acid sequence (iii) is located between said (i) nucleic acid sequence encoding the oil body protein and said (ii) nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell; and b) transforming a second host cell with a second chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription specifically during seed germination and seed growth of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence wherein said second sequence encodes a second fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the second fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to a nucleic acid sequence, encoding a specific enzyme that is capable of cleaving the linker nucleic acid sequence of said first chimeric nucleic acid sequence; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region; c) growing said first host cell under conditions such that the first fusion polypeptide is expressed and associated with the oil bodies to produce a first oil body fraction containing the first recombinant fusion polypeptide; d) growing said second host cell under conditions such that the second fusion polypeptide is expressed and associated with the oil bodies to product a second oil body fraction containing the second recombinant fusion polypeptide; e) contacting the first oil body fraction of step (c) with the second oil body fraction of step (d) under conditions such that the enzyme portion of the second fusion polypeptide cleaves the heterologous polypeptide from the first fusion polypeptide.

[0024] The present invention also provides a chimeric nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion polypeptide, capable of being expressed in association with an oil body of a host cell comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said host cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell.

[0025] The present invention also includes a fusion polypeptides encoded for by a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to an oil body linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide.

[0026] The invention further provides methods for the separation of heterologous proteins from host cell components by partitioning of the oil body fraction and subsequent release of the heterologous protein via specific cleavage of the heterologous protein-oil body protein fusion. Optionally a cleavage site may be located prior to the N-terminus and after the C-terminus of the heterologous polypeptide allowing the fusion polypeptide to be cleaved and separated by phase separation into its component peptides. This production system finds utility in the production of many proteins and peptides such as those with pharmaceutical, enzymic, rheological and adhesive properties.

[0027] The processing of a wide variety of materials using enzymes has enormous commercial potential. The present invention provides for methods to produce recombinant enzymes in mass quantities which can be separated from cellular components by partitioning of the oil-body fraction. The enzyme of interest may be cleaved from the oil body protein or may be used in association with the oil-body fraction. Enzymes fused to an oil body protein in an oil-body fraction represent a type of immobilized and reusable enzyme system. Immobilized enzyme systems have been developed in association with various inert support matrices for many industrial purposes including cellulose beads, plastic matrixes and other types of inert materials. Enzymes attached to oil-bodies can be mixed with solutions containing enzyme substrates and subsequently recovered by floatation and partitioning of the oil-body fraction and reused.

[0028] In addition to the production and isolation of recombinant proteins from plants, the present invention also contemplates methods for crop improvement and protection. The nutritional quality of seeds has been improved by the addition of proteins with high levels of essential amino acids (DeClercq et al., 1990, Plant Physiol. 94:970-979) and enzymes such as lauroyl-ACP thioesterase from Umbellularia californica that affect lipid composition (U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,421). To date these seed modifications have only been conducted using seed storage gene promoters that may have inherent limitations. Use of oil body protein regulatory sequences provides an additional means by which to accomplish such modifications.

[0029] Insect predation and fungal diseases of crop plants represent two of the largest causes of yield losses. A number of strategies dependent on transformation and expression of recombinant proteins in plants have been advanced for the protection of plants from insects and fungi (Lamb et al., 1992, Bio/Technology 11:1436-1445). These strategies are exemplified by the expression of peptide inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes such as cowpea trypsin inhibitor (Hoffman et al., 1992, J. Economic Entomol. 85: 2516-1522) bacterial or arachnid protein toxins (Gordon and Zlotkin, 1993, FEBS Lett., 315:125-128) and the expression of chitinase enzymes for the digestion of fungal cell walls (Broglie et al., 1991, Science 254: 5035,1194-1197; Benhamou et al., 1993, Plant Journal 2:295-305; Dunsmuir et al., 1993, In Advances in molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions, Vol2. pp 567-571, Nester, E. W. and Verma, D. P. S. eds.). The use of oil body proteins to localize specific polypeptides that afford crop protection allows one to develop novel strategies to protect vulnerable germinating seeds.

[0030] The use of oil body whose expression is limited to pollen allows one to alter the function of pollen to specifically control male fertility. One may use promoter sequences from such oil body to specifically express recombinant proteins that will alter the function of pollen. One such example is the use of such promoters to control the expression of novel recognition proteins such as the self-incompatibility proteins. Additional uses are contemplated including expression of oil body fusion proteins in pollen that are toxic to pollen. Seed specific oil body may be used to alter female fertility.

[0031] The methods described above are not limited to heterologous proteins produced in plant seeds as oil body proteins may also be found in association with oil bodies in other cells and tissues. Additionally the methods are not limited to the recovery of heterologous proteins produced in plants because the extraction and release methods can be adapted to accommodate oil body protein-heterologous protein fusions produced in any cell type or organism. An extract containing the fusion protein is mixed with additional oleosins and appropriate tri-glycerides and physical conditions are manipulated to reconstitute the oil-bodies. The reconstituted oil-bodies are separated by floatation and the recombinant proteins released by the cleavage of the junction with oleosin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032]FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the types of oil body protein fusions that are contemplated as methods of the invention for the fusion of oil-body protein genes with genes encoding foreign polypeptides. IA is a C-terminal fusion of a desired polypeptide to a oil body protein; IB is an N-terminal fusion of a desired polypeptide to oil body protein; IC is an internal fusion of a desired polypeptide within oil body protein; and ID is an inter-dimer translational fusion of desired polypeptide enclosed between two substantially complete oil body protein targeting sequences. Each fusion is shown in a linear diagrammatic form and in the configuration predicted when specifically associated with the oil body. In both the linear and oil body associated form, the oil body coding sequence that specifically targets the protein to the oil body is shown as a single thin line, a solid circle represents a protease recognition motif; a corkscrew line represents a native C- or N-terminal of a oil body protein and a inserted coding region is represented by an open box. The oil body is represented as a simple circle.

[0033]FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO.1) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO.2 and NO. 3) of an oil-body protein gene that codes for a 18 KDa oleosin from Arabidopsis thaliana. The intron sequence is printed in lower case. The predicted amino acid sequence is shown in single letter code.

[0034]FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the construction of pOleoP1.

[0035]FIG. 4 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO.4) of a B. napus oleosin cDNA clone and the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO.5).

[0036]FIG. 5 describes the construction of a oleosin/GUS fusion for expression in E.coli.

[0037]FIG. 6 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ.ID.NO.6) and deduced amino acid (SEQ.ID.NO.7 and NO.8) sequence of the 2.7 kbp HindIII fragment of pSBSOTPTNT containing the oleosin-chymosin fusion gene. Indicated in bold (nt 1625-1631) is the NcoI site containing the methionine start codon of the prochymosin sequence. The preceding spacer sequence (nt 1608-1630), replacing the oleosin stopcodon is underlined.

[0038]FIG. 7 shows a schematic drawing of plasmid M1830. The plasmid was constructed by replacing the Ura3 gene from pVT102-U (Gene 52:225-233, 1987) with the Leu2 gene.

[0039]FIG. 8 shows a schematic drawing of plasmid M1830OleoGUS. A BamHI-GUS-hindIII fragment was inserted into the multiple cloning site of M1830, resulting in M1830GUS. A B. napus oleosin cDNA was furnished with BamHI sites at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the gene and inserted in frame and in the right orientation in the BamHI site of M1830GUS yielding plasmid M1830oleoGUS.

[0040]FIG. 9. Sequence alignment of the isolated caleosin (SEQ ID NO.34) (this application) with the coding sequence of the reported caleosin gene (accession number AF067857) (SEQ ID NO.35). Indicated are the primers GVR979 and GVR980 used for the polymerase Chain Reaction and the one nucleotide change (position 69).

[0041]FIG. 10. Nudeotide sequence of insert of pSBS2098 containing the phaseolin promoter-β Glucuronidase (GUS)-phaseolin terminator sequence (SEQ ID NO.36). The GUS sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO.37) is indicated in uppercase. The phaseolin promoter corresponds to nucleotide 1-1547, and the phaseolin terminator corresponds to nudeotide sequence 3426-4646. The terminator was furnished with a a KpnI site (nt 4647-4652) to facilitate cloning.

[0042]FIG. 11. Nucleotide sequence of the phaseolin promoter-oleosinGUS-phaseolin terminator sequence (SEQ ID NO.38). The oleosinGUS coding sequence and its deduced aminoacid sequence is indicated (SEQ ID NOs.39 and 40). The phaseolin promoter corresponds to nucleotide 6-1554. The sequence encoding oleosin corresponds to nt 1555-2313, the intron in this sequence (nt 1908-2147) is indicated in italics. The GUS sequence corresponds to nt 2314-4191. The phaseolin terminator corresponds to nudeotide sequence 4192-5412.

[0043]FIG. 12. Nucleotide sequence of the phaseolin promoter-caleosinGUS-phaseolin terminator sequence (SEQ ID NO.41). The caleosinGUS coding sequence and its deduced aminoacid sequence is indicated (SEQ ID NO.42). The phaseolin promoter corresponds to nucleotide 1-1545. The sequence encoding caleosin corresponds to nt 1548-2282, the NcoI restriction, which was used for the in-frame cloning and which separates the caleosin and GUS sequence (nt 2284-2289) is underlined. The GUS sequence corresponds to nt 2286-4163. The phaseolin terminator corresponds to nudeotide sequence 4164-5384.

[0044]FIG. 13. Histochemical staining of β-Glucuronidase (GUS) activity in flax embryos bombarded with vectors pBluescriptIIKS+ (negative control), pSBS2098 (GUS) pSBS2037 (oleosinGUS), and pSBS2601 (caleosinGUS).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] In accordance with the subject invention, methods and compositions are provided for a novel means of production of heterologous proteins and peptides that can be easily separated from host cell components. In accordance with further embodiments of the invention methods and compositions are provided for novel uses of recombinant proteins produced by said methods.

[0046] In accordance with one aspect of the subject invention, methods and compositions are provided for a novel means of production of heterologous proteins and peptides in host cells that are easily separated from other host cell components. Purification of the protein, if required, is greatly simplified. The nucleic acid encoding the heterologous peptide may be part or all of a naturally occurring gene from any source, it may be a synthetic nucleic acid sequence or it may be a combination of naturally occurring and synthetic sequences. The subject method includes the steps of preparing an expression cassette comprising a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription of a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting to an oil body and fused to this second nucleic acid sequence a third nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide of interest; delivery and incorporation of the expression cassette into a host cell; production of a transformed organism or cell population in which the chimeric gene product is expressed and recovery of a chimeric gene protein product through specific association with an oil body. The heterologous peptide is generally a foreign polypeptide normally not expressed in the host cell or found in association with the oil-body.

[0047] The term “oil body protein” as used herein means a protein that can naturally associate with oil bodies or can be isolated using a standard oil body preparation protocol. An oil body preparation protocol is described in van Roijen and Moloney, 1995, Bio/Technology, 13:72-77. The oil body protein may share sequence homology with other oil body proteins which may be oleosins or caleosins known in the art.

[0048] In one embodiment, the oil body protein is a plant oleosin and shares sequence homology with other plant oleosins such as the oleosin isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (FIG. 2 and SEQ.ID.NO:2) or Brassica napus (FIG. 4 and SEQ.ID.NO:5). In another embodiment, the oil body protein is a plant caleosin and shares sequence homology with other plant caleosins such as the caleosin isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana shown in FIG. 9 (SEQ.ID.NOs.34 and 35)

[0049] The term “heterologous polypeptide” as used herein means a polypeptide, peptide or protein that is not normally linked or fused to an oil body protein and is not normally expressed in association with oil bodies.

[0050] The term “nucleic acid sequence” refers to a sequence of nudeotide or nucleoside monomers consisting of naturally occurring bases, sugars and intersugar (backbone) linkages. The term also includes modified or substituted sequences comprising non-naturally occurring monomers or portions thereof, which function similarly. The nucleic acid sequences of the present invention may be ribonucleic (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and may contain naturally occurring bases including adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymidine and uracil. The sequences may also contain modified bases such as xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl, 2-propyl, and other alkyl adenines, 5-halo uracil, 5-halo cytosine, 6-aza uracil, 6-aza cytosine and 6-aza thymine, pseudo uracil, 4-thiouracil, 8-halo adenine, 8-amino adenine, 8-thiol adenine, 8-thio-alkyl adenines, 8-hydroxyl adenine and other 8-substituted adenines, 8-halo guanines, 8-amino guanine, 8-thiol guanine, 8-thioalkyl guanines, 8-hydroxyl guanine and other 8-substituted guanines, other aza and deaza uracils, thymidines, cytosines, adenines, or guanines, 5-trifluoromethyl uracil and 5-trifluoro cytosine.

[0051] The host cell may be selected from a wide range of host cells including plants, bacteria, yeasts, insects and mammals. In one embodiment the host cell is a plant cell. The use of plants to produce proteins of interest allows exploitation of the ability of plants to capture energy and limited nutrient input to make proteins. The scale and yield of material afforded by production in plants allows adaptation of the technology for use in the production of a variety of polypeptides of commercial interest. The plant may be selected from various plant families including Brassicaceae, Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Umbilliferae and Graminae.

[0052] In another embodiment the host cell is a bacterial cell. Bacterial host cells suitable for carrying out the present invention include E. coli, B. subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus, as well as many other bacterial species well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Representative examples of bacterial host cells include JM109 ATCC No. 53323 and DH5 (Stratagene, Lajolla, Calif.). Suitable bacterial expression vectors preferably comprise a promoter which functions in the host cell, one or more selectable phenotypic markers, and a bacterial origin of replication. Representative promoters include the LacZ, the β-lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose promoter system (see Chang et al., Nature 275:615, 1978), the trp promoter (Nichols and Yanofsky, Meth in Enzymology 101:155, 1983) and the tac promoter (Russell et al., Gene 20:231, 1982).

[0053] In another embodiment, the host cell is a yeast cell. Yeast and fungi host cells suitable for carrying out the present invention include, among others Saccharomyces cerevisae, the genera Pichia or Kluyveromyces and various species of the genus Aspergillus. Suitable expression vectors for yeast and fungi include, among others, YC_(p)50 (ATCC No. 37419) for yeast, and the amdS cloning vector pV3 (Turnbull, Bio/Technology 7:169, 1989). Protocols for the transformation of yeast are also well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, transformation may be readily accomplished either by preparation of spheroplasts of yeast with DNA (see Hinnen et al., PNAS USA 75:1929, 1978) or by treatment with alkaline salts such as LiCl (see Itoh et al., J. Bacteriology 153:163, 1983). Transformation of fungi may also be carried out using polyethylene glycol as described by Cullen et al. (Bio/Technology 5:369,1987).

[0054] The host cell may also be a mammalian cell. Mammalian cells suitable for carrying out the present invention include, among others: COS (e.g., ATCC No. CRL 1650 or 1651), BHK (e.g., ATCC No. CRL 6281), CHO (ATCC No. CCL 61), HeLa (e.g., ATCC No. CCL 2), 293 (ATCC No. 1573) and NS-1 cells.b Suitable expression vectors for directing expression in mammalian cells generally include a promoter, as well as other transcriptional and translational control sequences. Suitable promoters include PMSG, pSVL, SV40, pCH 110, MMTV, metallothionein-1, adenovirus Ela, CMV, immediate early, immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter and enhancer, and RSV-LTR. Protocols for the transfection of mammalian cells are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Representative methods include calcium phosphate mediated electroporation, retroviral, and protoplast fusion-mediated transfection (see Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, 1989).

[0055] The host cell may also be an insect cell. Insect cells suitable for carrying out the present invention include cells and cell lines from Bombyx or Spodotera species. Suitable expression vectors for directing expression in insect cells include Baculoviruses such as the Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis, virus (Miller et al. 1987, in Genetic Engineering, Vol. 8 ed. Setler, J. K. et al., Plenum Press, New York) and the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Maeda et al., 1985, Nature 315:592).

[0056] In one embodiment the host cell is a plant and the chimeric product is expressed and translocated to the oil bodies of the seed.

[0057] The use of an oil body protein as a carrier or targeting means provides a simple mechanism to recover proteins. The chimeric protein associated with the oil body or reconstituted oil body fraction is separated away from the bulk of cellular components in a single step (such as centrifugation size exclusion or floatation); the protein is also protected from degradation during extraction as the separation also reduces contact of the proteins with non-specific proteases.

[0058] The invention contemplates the use of heterologous proteins, specifically enzymes, fused to oleosins and associated with oil bodies, or reconstituted oil bodies for conversion of substrates in aqueous solutions following mixing of oil body fractions and substrate solutions. Association of the enzyme with the oil body allows subsequent recovery of the enzyme by simple means (centrifugation and floatation) and repeated use thereafter.

[0059] In accordance with further embodiments of the invention methods and compositions are provided for the release of heterologous proteins and peptides fused to oleosin proteins specifically associated with isolated oil body or reconstituted oil body fractions. The subject method includes the steps of preparing an expression cassette comprising a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription of a second nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene such as oleosin to provide targeting to an oil body and fused to this second nucleic acid sequence via a linker nucleic acid sequence encoding a amino acid sequence cleavable by a specific protease or chemical treatment a third nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide of interest; such that the protein of interest can be cleaved from the isolated oil body fraction by the action of said specific chemical or protease.

[0060] For embodiments of the invention wherein the cleavage of heterologous proteins fused to oleosins associated with seed oil bodies is contemplated in germinating seed the expression cassette containing the heterologous protein gene so described above is modified to contain an additional second recombinant nucleic acid molecule comprising a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating expression in plants, particularly in germinating seed, more specifically seed embryo or other seed tissue containing oil bodies and under the control of this regulatory sequence a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protease enzyme, specifically a particular protease enzyme capable of cleavage of the fusion protein associated with said oil bodies to release a heterologous protein or peptide from the oil body, and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in plants. It is desirable that the second recombinant nucleic acid molecule be so constructed such that the first and second recombinant nucleic acid sequences are linked by a multiple cloning site to allow for the convenient substitution of any one of a variety of proteolytic enzymes that may be used to cleave fusion proteins associated with oil bodies.

[0061] It is obvious to a person skilled in the art of plant molecular biology, genetics or plant breeding that the equivalent to the above modification to the expression cassette to allow release of proteins and peptides of interest in germinating seeds can be accomplished by other similar means. For example it is possible that the first recombinant nucleic acid molecule and the second recombinant nucleic acid molecule described above may be contained within two independent expression cassettes introduced into the genome of a plant independently. Additionally it is possible to sexually cross a first recombinant plant containing the first recombinant nucleic acid molecule integrated into its genome with a second recombinant plant with the second recombinant nucleic acid integrated into its genome to produce seed comprising both the first and second nucleic acid molecules.

[0062] For embodiments of the invention wherein the heterologous protein is to be produced in and potentially recovered from plant seeds the expression cassette will generally include, in the 5′-340 direction of transcription, a first recombinant nucleic acid sequence comprising a transcriptional and translational regulatory region capable of expression in plants, particularly in developing seed, more specifically seed embryo or other seed tissue that has oil body or triglyceride storage such as pericarp or cuticle, and a second recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion peptide or protein comprising a sufficient portion of an oil body specific protein to provide targeting to an oil body, a heterologous protein of interest, and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in plants. One or more introns may also be present within the oil body specific protein coding sequence or within the coding sequence of the heterologous protein of interest. The fusion peptide or protein may also comprise a peptide sequence linking the oil body specific portion and the peptide or protein of interest that can be specifically cleaved by chemical or enzymatic means. It is desirable that the nucleic acid expression cassette is constructed in such a fashion that the first and second recombinant nucleic acid sequences are linked by a multiple cloning site to allow for the convenient substitution of alternative second recombinant nucleic acid sequences comprising the oil body targeting sequence and any one of a variety of proteins or peptides of interest to be expressed and targeted to oil bodies in seeds.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the invention the expression cassette is introduced into a host cell in a form where the expression cassette is stably incorporated into the genome of the host cell. Accordingly it is apparent that one may also introduce the expression cassette as part of a recombinant nucleic acid sequence capable of replication and or expression in the host cell without the need to become integrated into the host chromosome. Examples of this are found in a variety of vectors such as viral or plasmid vectors capable of replication and expression of proteins in the host cell. One specific example are plasmids that carry an origin of replication that permit high copy number such as the pUC series of E. coli plasmids additionally said plasmids modified to contain an inducible promoter such as the LacZ promoter inducible by galactose or IPTG.

[0064] In an alternative embodiment of the invention nucleic acid is stably incorporated into the genome of the host cell by homologous recombination. Examples of gene targeting by homologous recombination have been described for various cell types including mammalian cells (Mansour et al., 1988, Nature, 336, 348-352) and plant cells (Miao and Lam, 1995, Plant Journal, 7: 359-365). Introduction into the host cell genome of the protein of interest may be accomplished by homologous recombination of the protein of interest in such a fashion that upon recombination an expression cassette is generated which will generally include, in the 5′-3′ direction of transcription, a first nucleic acid sequence comprising a transcriptional and translational regulatory region capable of expression in the host cell, a second nucleic add sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising a sufficient portion of an oil body protein to provide targeting to an oil body and a heterologous protein, and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in plants.

[0065] For embodiments of the invention wherein the production and recovery of the heterologous protein is contemplated from non-plant cells the expression cassette so described above is modified to comprise a first recombinant nucleic acid sequence comprising a transcriptional and translational regulatory sequence capable of expression in the intended host production cell or organism. Promoter regions highly active in cells of microorganisms, fungi, insects and animals are well described in the literature of any contemplated host species and may be commercially available or can be obtained by standard methods known to a person skilled in the art. It is apparent that one means to introduce the recombinant molecule to the host cell is through specific infectious entities such as viruses capable of infection of the host modified to contain the recombinant nucleic acid to be expressed.

[0066] In a further embodiment of the invention it is contemplated that proteins other than plant oleosins and proteins with homology to plant oleosins that may specifically associate with triglycerides, oils, lipids, fat bodies or any hydrophobic cellular inclusions in the host organism or with reconstituted plant oil bodies may be fused to a recombinant protein and used in the manner contemplated. A system functionally equivalent to plant oleosins and oil bodies has been described in bacteria (Pieper-Fürst et al., 1994, J. Bacteriol. 176:4328-4337). Other proteins from additional sources such as, but not limited to; fungi, insects or animals, with equivalent regulatory and targeting properties may be known or discovered by a person skilled in the art.

[0067] Of particular interest for transcriptional and translational regulation in plants of the first recombinant nucleic acid molecule is a regulatory sequence (promoter) from an oil body protein gene, preferably an oil body protein gene expressed in dicotyledonous oil seeds. The expression of these genes in dicotyledonous oilseeds was found to occur much earlier than had hitherto been believed as reported in the literature. Thus, the promoters and upstream elements of these genes are valuable for a variety of uses including the modification of metabolism during phases of embryogenesis which precede the accumulation of storage proteins. Alternatively said promoter may also comprise a promoter capable of expression constitutively throughout the plant or a promoter which has enhanced expression within tissues or organs associated with oil synthesis. Of more particular interest is a promoter that expresses an oil body protein to a high level. Many plant species are tetraploid or hexaploid and may contain numerous copies of functional oil body protein genes. As it is preferable to obtain a gene that is controlled by a promoter that expresses at high levels when compared to other oil body protein genes within the same species it may be advantageous to choose a diploid species as a source of oil body protein genes. An example is the diploid cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, wherein only two or three oil body protein genes are detected by southern blot analysis whereas the seeds contain oil body proteins as a high percentage of total protein.

[0068] The degree of evolutionary relationship between the plant species chosen for isolation of a promoter and the plant species selected to carry out the invention may not be critical. The universality of most plant genes and promoter function within dicotyledonous species has been amply demonstrated in the literature. Additionally to a certain extent the conservation of function between monocot and dicot genes has also been shown. This is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the function of any given promoter in any chosen species may be tested prior to practising the invention by simple means such as transient expression of marker gene promoter fusions in isolated cells or intact tissues. The promoter region typically comprises minimally from 100 bp 5′ to the translational start of the structural gene coding sequence, up to 2.5 kb 5′ from the same translational start.

[0069] Examples of nucleic acid encoding sequences capable of providing targeting to an oil body protein are oleosins genes obtainable from Arabidopsis thaliana or Brassica napus which provide for expression of the protein of interest in seed (See Taylor et al., 1990, Planta 181:18-26). The necessary regions and amino-acid sequences needed to provide targeting to the oil body reside in the highly hydrophobic central region of oil body proteins. The amino acid sequence necessary to provide targeting to the oil body for Arabidopsis thaliana oleosins contain amino acids 46-117 shown in SEQ.ID.NO.2. Similarily, the amino acid sequence necessary to provide targeting to the oil body for Brassica napus oleosins contains amino acids 60-132 shown in SEQ.ID.NO.5. In a preferred embodiment, the amino acid sequence necessary for targeting additionally contains the N-terminus of the oleosin which includes amino acids 1-45 (SEQ.ID.NO.2) and 1-60 (SEQ.ID.NO.5) for Arabidopis and Brassica, respectively.

[0070] To identify other oil body protein genes having the desired characteristics, where an oil body protein has been or is isolated, the protein may be partially sequenced, so that a probe may be designed for identifying mRNA. Such a probe is particularly valuable if it is designed to target the coding region of the central hydrophobic domain which is highly conserved among diverse species. In consequence, a DNA or RNA probe for this region may be particularly useful for identifying coding sequences of oil body proteins from other plant species. To further enhance the concentration of the mRNA, cDNA may be prepared and the cDNA subtracted with mRNA or cDNA from non-oil body producing cells. The residual cDNA may then be used for probing the genome for complementary sequences, using an appropriate library prepared from plant cells. Sequences which hybridize to the cDNA under stringent conditions may then be isolated.

[0071] In some instances, as described above, the use of an oil body protein gene probe (conserved region), may be employed directly for screening a genomic library and identifying sequences which hybridize to the probe. The isolation may also be performed by a standard immunological screening technique of a seed-specific cDNA expression library. Antibodies may be obtained readily for oil-body proteins using the purification procedure and antibody preparation protocol described by Taylor et al. (1990, Planta, 181:18-26). cDNA expression library screening using antibodies is performed essentially using the techniques of Huynh et al. (1985, in DNA Cloning, Vol. 1, a Practical Approach, ed. D. M. Glover, IRL Press, pp. 49-78). Confirmation of sequence is facilitated by the highly conserved central hydrophobic region (see FIG. 1). DNA sequencing by the method of Sanger et al. (1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74:5463-5467) or Maxam and Gilbert (1980, Meth. Enzymol., 65:497-560) may be performed on all putative clones and searches for homology performed. Homology of sequences encoding the central hydrophobic domain is typically 70%, both at the amino-acid and nucleotide level between diverse species. If an antibody is available, confirmation of sequence identity may also be performed by hybrid-select and translation experiments from seed mRNA preparations as described by Sambrook et al. (1990, Molecular Cloning, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbour Press, pp. 8-49 to 8-51).

[0072] cDNA clones made from seed can be screened using cDNA probes made from the conserved coding regions of any available oil body protein gene (e.g., Bowman-Vance and Huang, 1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262:11275-11279). Clones are selected which have more intense hybridization with seed DNAs as compared to seedling cDNAs. The screening is repeated to identify a particular cDNA associated with oil bodies of developing seeds using direct antibody screening or hybrid-select and translation. The mRNA complementary to the specific cDNA is absent in other tissues which are tested. The cDNA is then used for screening a genomic library and a fragment selected which hybridizes to the subject cDNA. Of particular interest for transcriptional and translational regulation in plants of said second recombinant nucleic acid molecule is a regulatory sequence (promoter) from a gene expressed during the germination of seeds and the early stages of growth of a seedling, specifically a gene showing high levels of expression during the stage of mobilization of stored seed reserves, more specifically the promoter sequence from the glyoxisomal enzymes iso-citrate lyase or malate synthase. Information concerning genomic clones of iso-citrate lyase and malate synthase from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis that have been isolated and described has been published (Comai et al., 1989, Plant Cell 1: 293-300) and can be used by a person skilled in the art, by the methods described above, to isolate a functional promoter fragment. Other enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipids or other seed reserves during germination may also serve as a source of equivalent regulatory regions.

[0073] In order to identify oil body proteins, other than oleosins or caleosins, oil body preparations such as described in the art for the plants canola (Van Rooijen and Moloney, 1995, Bio/Technology 13: 72-77) and peanut (Jacks et al., J. A. O. C. S., 1990, 67: 353-361) and such as described for oil body-like granules in the bacterial species Rhodococcus ruber (Pieper-Fürst et al., 1994, J. Bacteriol. 176: 4328-4337) may be performed. From such preparations, individual proteins may be readily identified upon electrophoresis on a SDS polyacrylamide gel. Proteins may be extracted from the polyacrylamide gel following the protocol of Weber and Osborn (J. Biol. Chem., 1969, 244: 4406-4412) and polyclonal antibodies against oil body proteins may be obtained using the protocol described by Taylor (1990, Planta, 181: 18-26). In order to isolate the corresponding. cDNA clone, a cDNA expression library may then be screened with the antibody using techniques familiar to a skilled artisan (see. for example: Huynh et al., 1985, in DNA cloning, Vol. 1, a Practical Approach, ed. D. M. Glover, IRL Press, pp 49-78).

[0074] For production of recombinant protein oleosin fusions in heterologous systems such as animal, insect or microbial species, promoters would be chosen for maximal expression in said cells, tissues or organs to be used for recombinant protein production. The invention is contemplated for use in a variety of organisms which can be genetically altered to express foreign proteins including animals, especially those producing milk such as cattle and goats, invertebrates such as insects, specifically insects that can be reared on a large scale, more specifically those insects which can be infected by recombinant baculoviruses that have been engineered to express oleosin fusion proteins, fungal cells such as yeasts and bacterial cells. Promoter regions highly active in viruses, microorganisms, fungi, insects and animals are well described in the literature and may be commercially available or can be obtained by standard methods known to a person skilled in the art. It is preferred that all of the transcriptional and translational functional elements of the initiation control region are derived from or obtained from the same gene.

[0075] For those applications where expression of the recombinant protein is derived from extrachromosomal elements, one may chose a replicon capable of maintaining a high copy number to maximize expression. Alternatively or in addition to high copy number replicons, one may further modify the recombinant nucleic acid sequence to contain specific transcriptional or translation enhancement sequences to assure maximal expression of the foreign protein in host cells.

[0076] The level of transcription should be sufficient to provide an amount of RNA capable of resulting in a modified seed, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The term “modified” is meant a detectably different phenotype of a seed, cell, tissue, organ or organism in comparison to the equivalent non-transformed material, for example one not having the expression cassette in question in its genome. It is noted that the RNA may also be an “antisense RNA” capable of altering a phenotype by inhibition of the expression of a particular gene.

[0077] Ligation of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the targeting sequence to the gene encoding the polypeptide of interest may take place in various ways including terminal fusions, internal fusions, and polymeric fusions. In all cases, the fusions are made to avoid disruption of the correct reading frame of the oil-body protein and to avoid inclusion of any translational stop signals in or near the junctions. The different types of terminal an internal fusions are shown in FIG. 1 along with a representation of configurations in vivo.

[0078] In many of the cases described, the ligation of the gene encoding the peptide preferably would include a linker encoding a protease target motif. This would permit the release of the peptide once extracted as a fusion protein. Potential cleavage sites which could be employed are recognition motifs for thrombin (Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly, SEQ. ID. NO.9) (Fujikawa et al., 1972, Biochemistry 11:4892-4899), of factor Xa (Phe-Glu-Gly-Arg-aa, SEQ. ID NO.10) (Nagai et al., 1985, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 82:7252-7255) collagenase (Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro, SEQ. ID. NO.11) (Scholtissek and Grosse, 1988, Gene 62:55-64) or Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease (Glu-Asn-Leu-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Gly SEQ. ID NO.12) (Dougherty et al., 1989, Virology, 172: 302). Additionally, for uses where the fusion protein contains a peptide hormone that is released upon ingestion, the protease recognition motifs may be chosen to reflect the specificity of gut proteases to simplify the release of the peptide.

[0079] For those uses where chemical cleavage of the polypeptide from the oil body protein fusion is to be employed, one may alter the amino acid sequence of the oil body protein to include or eliminate potential chemical cleavage sites. For example, one may eliminate the internal methionine residues in the Arabidopsis oleosin at positions 11 and 117 by site directed mutagenesis to construct a gene that encodes a oleosin that lacks/internal methionine residues. By making a N-terminal fusion with the modified oleosin via the N-terminal methionine residue already present in the Arabidopsis oleosin, one may cleave the polypeptide of interest by the use of cyanogen bromide providing there are no internal methionines in said polypeptide. Similar strategies for other chemical cleavage agents may be employed. It should be noted that a variety of strategies for cleavage may be employed including a combination of chemical modification and enzymatic cleavage.

[0080] By appropriate manipulations, such as restriction, chewing back or filling in overhangs to provide blunt ends, ligation of linkers, or the like, complementary ends of the fragments can be provided for joining and ligation. In carrying out the various steps, cloning is employed, so as to amplify the amount of nucleic acid and to allow for analyzing the nucleic acid to ensure that the operations have occurred in proper manner. A wide variety of cloning vectors are available, where the cloning vector includes a replication system functional in E. coli and a marker which allows for selection of the transformed cells. Illustrative vectors include pBR332, pUC series, M13mp series, pACYC184, etc for manipulation of the primary nucleic add constructs. Thus, the sequence may be inserted into the vector at an appropriate restriction site(s), the resulting plasmid used to transform the E. coli host, the E. coli grown in an appropriate nutrient medium and the cells harvested and lysed and the plasmid recovered. Analysis may involve sequence analysis, restriction analysis, electrophoresis, or the like. After each manipulation the nucleic acid sequence to be used in the final construct may be restricted and joined to the next sequence, where each of the partial constructs may be cloned in the same or different plasmids.

[0081] The mode by which the oil body protein and the protein to be expressed are fused can be either a N-terminal, C-terminal or internal fusion. The choice is dependant upon the application. For example, C-terminal fusions can be made as follows: A genomic clone of an oil body protein gene preferably containing at least 100 bp 5′to the translational start is cloned into a plasmid vehicle capable of replication in a suitable bacterial host (e.g., pUC or pBR322 in E. coli). A restriction site is located in the region encoding the hydrophilic C-terminal portion of gene. In a plant oil body protein of approximately 18 KDa, such as the Arabidopsis oleosin, this region stretches typically from codons 125 to the end of the clone. The ideal restriction site is unique, but this is not absolutely essential. If no convenient restriction site is located in this region, one may be introduced by sitedirected mutagenesis. The only major restriction on the introduction of this site is that it must be placed 5′ to the translational stop signal of the OBP clone.

[0082] With this altered clone in place, a synthetic oligonucleotide adapter may be produced which contains coding sequence for a protease recognition site such as Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro (SEQ. ID. NO. 11) or a multimer thereof. This is the recognition site for the protease collagenase. The adaptor would be synthesized in such a way as to provide a 4-base overhang at the 5′ end compatible with the restriction site at the 3′ end of the oil body protein clone, a 4-base overhang at the 3′ end of the adaptor to facilitate ligation to the foreign peptide coding sequence and additional bases, if needed, to ensure no frame shifts in the transition between the oil body protein coding sequence, the protease recognition site and the foreign peptide coding sequence. The final ligation product will contain an almost complete oil body protein gene, coding sequence for collagenase recognition motif and the desired polypeptide coding region all in a single reading frame.

[0083] A similar approach is used for N-terminal fusions. The hydrophilic N-terminal end of oil-body proteins permits the fusion of peptides to the N-terminal while still assuring that the foreign peptide would be retained on the outer surface of the oil body. This configuration can be constructed from similar starting materials as used for C-terminal fusions, but requires the identification of a convenient restriction site close to the translational start of the oil body protein gene. A convenient site may be created in many plant oil body protein genes without any alteration in coding sequence by the introduction of a single base change just 5′ to the start codon (ATG). In plant oil body proteins thus far studied, the second amino acid is alanine whose codon begins with a “G”. A-C transition at that particular “G” yields a Nco I site. As an illustration of such a modification, the context of the sequences is shown below:

[0084] 3′..TC TCA ACA ATG GCA . . . Carrot Oil Body Protein (SEQ. ID. NO.13) 3′..CG GCA GCA ATG GCG . . . Maize 18 KDa Oil Body Protein (SEQ. ID. NO.14)

[0085] A single base change at the adenine prior to the ‘ATG’ would yield in both cases CCATGG which is an Nco I site. Thus, modification of this base using the site-directed mutagenesis will introduce a Nco I site which can be used directly for the insertion of a nucleic acid coding sequence assuming no other Nco I sites are present in the sequence. Alternatively other restriction sites may be used or introduced to obtain cassette vectors that provide a convenient means to introduce foreign nucleic acid.

[0086] The coding sequence for the foreign peptide may require preparation which will allow its ligation directly into the introduced restriction site. For example, introduction of a coding sequence into the Nco I site introduced into the oil body protein coding sequences described above may require the generation of compatible ends . This may typically require a single or two-base modification by site-directed mutagenesis to generate an Nco I site around the translational start of the foreign peptide. This peptide is then excised from its cloning vehicle using Nco I and a second enzyme which cuts close to the translational stop of the target. Again, using the methods described above, a second convenient site can be introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. It has been suggested by Qu and Huang (1990, supra) that the N-terminal methionine might be removed during processing of the plant oil body proteins protein in vivo and that the alanine immediately downstream of this might be acylated. To account for this possibility, it may be necessary to retain the Met-Ala sequence at the N-terminal end of the protein. This is easily accomplished using a variety of strategies which introduce a convenient restriction site into the coding sequence in or after the Ala codon.

[0087] The resultant constructs from these N-terminal fusions would contain an oil body protein promoter sequence, an in-frame fusion in the first few codons of the oil body protein gene of a high value peptide coding sequence with its own ATG as start signal if necessary and the remainder of the oil body protein gene and terminator.

[0088] A third type of fusion involves the placing of a high value peptide coding sequence internally to the coding sequence of the oil body protein. This type of fusion requires the same strategy as in N-terminal fusions, but may only be functional with modifications in regions of low conservation, as it is believed that regions of high conservation in these oil body proteins are essential for targeting of the mature protein. A primary difference in this kind of fusion is the necessity for flanking protease recognition sites for the release of the protein. This means that in place of the single protease recognition site thus far described, it is necessary to have the protein of interest flanked by one or more copies of the protease recognition site.

[0089] Various strategies are dependant on the particular use and nucleic acid sequence of the inserted coding region and would be apparent to those skilled in the art. The preferred method would be to use synthetic oligonucleotides as linkers to introduce the high value peptide coding sequence flanked by appropriate restriction sites or linkers. Orientation is checked by the use of an asymmetrically placed restriction site in the high-value peptide coding sequence.

[0090] The heterologous polypeptide of interest to be produced as an oleosin fusion by any of the specific methods described herein, may be any peptide or protein. For example, proteins that alter the amino acid content of seeds may be used. These include genes encoding proteins high in essential amino acids or amino acids that are limiting in diets, especially arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. Storage proteins such as the high lysine 10 KDa zein from Zea mays or the 2S high methionine Brazil Nut storage protein may be used. Alternatively synthetic or modified storage proteins may be employed such as peptides encoding poly-lysine or poly-phenylalanine or fusions of one or more coding regions high in essential amino acids. Proteins may also encode useful additives for animal feeds. These proteins may be enzymes for modification of phytate content in meal such as phytase, more specifically phytase from novel sources and having novel activities. Proteins may also encode hormones useful for boosting productivity such as growth hormones or bovine somatotropin. Proteins may also encode peptides useful for aquaculture.

[0091] Proteins may also be those used for various industrial processes. Examples of such proteins include chitinase, glucose isomerase, collagenase, amylase, xylanase, cellulase, lipase, chymosin, renin or various proteases or protease inhibitors. One may also express proteins of interest to the cosmetic industry such as collagen, keratin or various other proteins for use in formulation of cosmetics. Proteins of use to the food industry may also be synthesized including sweetener proteins such as thaumatin, and other flavour enhancing proteins. Proteins that have adhesive properties may also be used.

[0092] Of particular interest are those proteins or peptides that may have a therapeutic or diagnostic value. These proteins include antigens, such as viral coat proteins or microbial cell wall or toxin proteins or various other antigenic peptides, peptides of direct therapeutic value such as interleukin-1-β, the anticoagulant hirudin, blood clotting factors and bactericidal peptides, antibodies, specifically a single-chain antibody comprising a translational fusion of the VH or VL chains of an immunoglobulin. Human growth hormone may also be produced. The invention is not limited by the source or the use of the heterologous polypeptide.

[0093] The nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide of interest may be synthetic, naturally derived, or a combination thereof. Dependent upon the nature or source of the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of interest, it may be desirable to synthesize the nucleic acid sequence with codons that represent the preference of the organism in which expression takes place. For expression in plant species, one may employ plant preferred codons. The plant preferred codons may be determined from the codons of highest frequency in the proteins expressed in the largest amount in the particular plant species of interest as a host plant.

[0094] The termination region which is employed will be primarily one of convenience, since in many cases termination regions appear to be relatively interchangeable. The termination region may be native to the transcriptional initiation region, may be native to the nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide of interest, or may be derived from another source. Convenient termination regions for plant cell expression are available from the Ti-plasmid of A. tumefaciens, such as the octopine synthase and nopaline synthase termination regions. Termination signals for expression in other organisms are well known in the literature.

[0095] A variety of techniques are available for the introduction of nucleic acid into host cells. For example, the chimeric nucleic acid constructs may be introduced into host cells obtained from dicotyledonous plants, such as tobacco, and oleaginous species, such as Brassica napus using standard Agrobacterium vectors by a transformation protocol such as that described by. Moloney et al., 1989, Plant Cell Rep., 8:238-242 or Hinchee et al., 1988, Bio/Technol., 6:915-922; or other techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, the use of T-DNA for transformation of plant cells has received extensive study and is amply described in EPA Serial No. 120,516; Hoekema et al., 1985, Chapter V, In: The Binary Plant Vector System Offset-drukkerij Kanters B. V., Alblasserdam; Knauf, et al., 1983, Genetic Analysis of Host Range Expression by Agrobacterium, p. 245, In: Molecular Genetics of the Bacteria-Plant Interaction, Puhler, A. ed., Springer-Verlag, NY; and An et al., 1985, EMBO J., 4:277-284. Conveniently, explants may be cultivated with A. tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes to allow for transfer of the transcription construct to the plant cells. Following transformation using Agrobacterium the plant cells are dispersed in an appropriate medium for selection, subsequently callus, shoots and eventually plantlets are recovered. The Agrobacterium host will harbour a plasmid comprising the vir genes necessary for transfer of the T-DNA to the plant cells. For injection and electroporation, (see below) disarmed Ti-plasmids (lacking the tumour genes, particularly the T-DNA region) may be introduced into the plant cell.

[0096] The use of non-Agrobacterium techniques permits the use of the constructs described herein to obtain transformation and expression in a wide variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and other organisms. These techniques are especially useful for species that are intractable in an Agrobacterium transformation system. Other techniques for gene transfer include biolistics (Sanford, 1988, Trends in Biotech., 6:299-302), electroporation (Fromm et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:5824-5828; Riggs and Bates, 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 5602-5606 or PEGmediated DNA uptake (Potrykus et al., 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet., 199:169-177).

[0097] In a specific application, such as to Brassica napus, the host cells targeted to receive recombinant nucleic acid constructs typically will be derived from cotyledonary petioles as described by Moloney et al., 1989, Plant Cell Rep., 8:238-242). Other examples using commercial oil seeds include cotyledon transformation in soybean explants (Hinchee et al., 1988, Bio/technology, 6:915-922) and stem transformation of cotton (Umbeck et al., 1981, Bio/technology, 5:263-266).

[0098] Following transformation, the cells, for example as leaf discs, are grown in selective medium. Once shoots begin to emerge, they are excised and placed onto rooting medium. After sufficient roots have formed, the plants are transferred to soil. Putative transformed plants are then tested for presence of a marker. Southern blotting is performed on genomic nucleic acid using an appropriate probe, for example an A. thaliana oleosin gene, to show that integration of the desired sequences into the host cell genome has occurred.

[0099] The expression cassette will normally be joined to a marker for selection in plant cells. Conveniently, the marker may be resistance to a herbicide, eg phosphinthricin or glyphosate, or more particularly an antibiotic, such as kanamycin, G418, bleomycin, hygromycin, chloramphenicol, or the like. The particular marker employed will be one which will allow for selection of transformed cells compared with cells lacking the introduced recombinant nucleic acid.

[0100] The fusion peptide in the expression cassette constructed as described above, expresses at least preferentially in developing seeds. Accordingly, transformed plants grown in accordance with conventional ways, are allowed to set seed. See, for example, McCormick et al. (1986, Plant Cell Reports, 5:81-84). Northern blotting can be carried out using an appropriate gene probe with RNA isolated from tissue in which transcription is expected to occur such as a seed embryo. The size of the transcripts can then be compared with the predicted size for the fusion protein transcript.

[0101] Oil-body proteins are then isolated from the seed and analyses performed to determine that the fusion peptide has been expressed. Analyses can be for example by SDS-PAGE. The fusion peptide can be detected using an antibody to the oleosin portion of the fusion peptide. The size of the fusion peptide obtained can then be compared with predicted size of the fusion protein.

[0102] Two or more generations of transgenic plants may be grown and either crossed or selfed to allow identification of plants and strains with desired phenotypic characteristics including production of recombinant proteins. It may be desirable to ensure homozygosity of the plants, strains or lines producing recombinant proteins to assure continued inheritance of the recombinant trait. Methods of selecting homozygous plants are well know to those skilled in the art of plant breeding and include recurrent selfing and selection and anther and microspore culture. Homozygous plants may also be obtained by transformation of haploid cells or tissues followed by regeneration of haploid plantlets subsequently converted to diploid plants by any number of known means, (eg: treatment with colchicine or other microtubule disrupting agents).

[0103] The desired protein can be extracted from seed that is preferably homozygous for the introduced trait by a variety of techniques, including use of an aqueous, buffered extraction medium and a means of grinding, breaking, pulverizing or otherwise disrupting the cells of the seeds. The extracted seeds can then be separated (for example, by centrifugation or sedimentation of the brei) into three fractions: a sediment or insoluble pellet, an aqueous supernatant, and a buoyant layer comprising seed storage lipid and oil bodies. These oil bodies contain both native oil body proteins and chimeric oil body proteins, the latter containing the foreign peptide. The oil bodies are separated from the water-soluble proteins and re-suspended in aqueous buffer.

[0104] If a linker comprising a protease recognition motif has been include in the expression cassette, a protease specific for the recognition motif is added to the resuspension buffer. This releases the required peptide into the aqueous phase. A second centrifugation step will now re-float the processed oil bodies with their attached proteins and leave an aqueous solution of the released peptide or protein. The foreign protein may also be released from the oil bodies by incubation of the oil body fraction with a different oil body fraction that contains the specific protease fused to oleosin. In this manner the protease cleavage enzyme is removed with the oil bodies that contained the fusion protein with the protease recognition site leaving a product uncontaminated by protease. The desired peptide may be precipitated, chemically modified or lyophilized according to its properties and desired applications

[0105] In certain applications the protein may be capable of undergoing self-release. For example, the proteolytic enzyme chymosin undergoes self-activation from a precursor to an active protease by exposure of the precursor to low pH conditions. Expression of the chymosin precursor/oil body fusion protein to conditions of low pH will activate the chymosin. If a chymosin recognition site is included between the oil body protein and the chymosin protein sequences, the activated chymosin can then cleave the fusion proteins. This is an example of self release that can be controlled by manipulation of the conditions required for enzyme activity. Additional examples may be dependant on the requirement for specific co-factors that can be added when self-cleavage is desired. These may include ions, specific chemical co-factors such as NADH or FADH, ATP or other energy sources, or peptides capable of activation of specific enzymes. In certain applications it may not be necessary to remove the fusion protein from the oil-body protein. Such an application would include cases where the fusion peptide includes an enzyme which is tolerant to N or C-terminal fusions and retains its activity; such enzymes could be used without further cleavage and purification. The enzyme/oil body protein fusion would be contacted with substrate. It is also possible to re-use said oil bodies to process additional substrate as a form of an immobilized enzyme. This specific method finds utility in the batch processing of various substances. The process is also useful for enzymatic detoxification of contaminated water or bodies of water where introduction of freely diffusible enzyme may be undesirable. Said process allows recovery of the enzyme with removal of the oil bodies. It is also possible, if desired, to purify the enzyme-oil body protein fusion protein using an immunoaffinity column comprising an immobilized high titre antibody against the oil body protein.

[0106] Other uses for the subject invention are as follows. Oil body proteins comprise a high percentage of total seed protein, thus it is possible to enrich the seed for certain desirable properties such as high-lysine, high methionine, and the like, simply by making the fusion protein rich in the amino-acid(s) of interest could find utility of particular interest is the modification of grains and cereals which are used either directly or indirectly as food sources for livestock, including cattle, poultry, and humans. It may be possible to include, as the fusion peptide, an enzyme which may assist in subsequent processing of the oil or meal in conventional oilseed crushing and extraction, for example inclusion of a thermostable lipid-modifying enzyme which would remain active at the elevated crushing temperatures used to process seed and thus add value to the extracted triglyceride or protein product. Other uses of the fusion protein include improvement of the agronomic health of the crop. For example, an insecticidal protein or a portion of an immunoglobulin specific for an agronomic pest such as a fungal cell wall or membrane, could be coupled to the oil body protein thus reducing attack of the seed by a particular plant pest.

[0107] It is possible that the polypeptide/protein will itself be valuable and could be extracted and, if desired, further purified. Alternatively the polypeptide/protein or even the mRNA itself may be used to confer a new biochemical phenotype upon the developing seed. New phenotypes could include such modifications as altered seed-protein or seed oil composition, enhanced production of pre-existing desirable products or properties and the reduction or even suppression of an undesirable gene product using antisense, ribozyme or co-suppression technologies (Izant and Weintraub, 1984, Cell 36: 1007-1015, Hazelhoff and Gerlach, 1988, Nature 334:585-591, Napoli, et al., 1990, Plant Cell, 2:279-289). While one embodiment of the invention contemplates the use of the regulatory sequence in cruciferous plants, it is possible to use the promoter in a wide variety of plant species given the wide conservation of oleosin genes. For example, the promoter could be used in various other dicotyledonous species as well as monocotyledonous plant. A number of studies have shown the spatial and temporal regulation of dicot genes can be conserved when expressed in a monocotyledonous host. The tomato rbcS gene (Kyozuka et al, 1993, Plant Physiol. 102:991-1000) and the Pin2 gene of potato (Xu et al, 1993 Plant Physiol. 101:683-687) have been shown to function in a monocotyledonous host consistent with their expression pattern observed in the host from which they were derived. Studies have also indicated expression from some dicotyledonous promoters in monocotyledonous hosts can be enhanced by inclusion of an intron derived from a monocotyledonous gene in the coding region of the introduced gene (Xu et al, 1994, Plant Physiol. 106:459-467). Alternatively, given the wide conservation of oleosin genes, it is possible for the skilled artisan to readily isolate oleosin genes from a variety of host plants according to the methodology described within this specification.

[0108] It is expected that the desired proteins would be expressed in all embryonic tissue, although different cellular expression can be detected in different tissues of the embryonic axis and cotyledons. This invention has a variety of uses which include improving the intrinsic value of plant seeds by their accumulation of altered polypeptides or novel recombinant peptides or by the incorporation or elimination of a metabolic step. In its simplest embodiment, use of this invention may result in improved protein quality (for example, increased concentrations of essential or rare amino acids), improved lipid quality by a modification of fatty acid composition, or improved or elevated carbohydrate composition. The invention may also be used to control a seed phenotype such as seed coat color or even the development of seed. In some instances it may be advantageous to express a gene that arrests seed development at a particular stage, leading to the production of “seedless” fruit or seeds which contain large amounts of precursors of mature seed products. Extraction of these precursors may be simplified in this case.

[0109] Other uses include the inclusion of fusion proteins that contain antigens or vaccines against disease. This application may be particularly relevant to improvements in health care of fish or other wildlife that is not readily assessable by conventional means as the crushed seed can be converted directly into a convenient food source. Other uses include the addition of phytase to improve the nutritional properties of seed for monogastric animals through the release of phosphate from stored phytate, the addition of chlorophyllase to reduce undesirable chlorophyll contamination of seed oils, especially canola oil and addition of enzymes to reduce anti-metabolites, pigments or toxins from seeds. Additionally the fusion protein may comprise, an insecticidal or fungicidal protein such as magainin or secropin or a portion of an immunoglobulin specific for an agronomic pest, such as a fungal cell wall or membrane, coupled to the oil body protein thus improving seed resistance to pre and post harvest spoilage.

[0110] Applications for the use of chimeric proteins associated with the oil body fraction include as above enzymes that are tolerant of N or C-terminal fusions and retain activity. Enzymes associated with oil body suspensions can be mixed with simple or complex solutions containing enzyme substrates. After conversion of substrates to products the enzyme oleosin fusion is readily recovered by centrifugation and floatation and can be reused an indefinite number of times.

EXAMPLES

[0111] The following examples are offered by way of illustration and not by limitation.

Example 1 Isolation of Plant Oleosin Gene

[0112] Oil body proteins can be isolated from a variety of sources. The isolation of an oil body protein gene termed oleosin from the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana is described herein. Similar methods may be used by a person skilled in the art to isolate oil body proteins from other sources. In this example, a Brassica napus oleosin gene (described by Murphy et al, 1991, Biochim Biophys Acta 1088:86-94) was used to screen a genomic library of A. thaliana (cv. Columbia) constructed in the Lamda cloning vector EMBL3A (Obtained from Stratagene Laboratories) using standard techniques. The screening resulted in the isolation of a EMBL 3A clone (referred to as clone 12.1) containing a 15 kb genomic fragment which contains a oleosin gene from A. thaliana. The oleosin gene coding region is contained within a 6.6 kb Kpn I restriction fragment of this 15 kb fragment. The 6.6 kb KpnI restriction fragment was further mapped and a 1.8 kb Nco I/Kpn I fragment containing the oleosin gene including approximately 850 nucleotides of 5′ sequence, the complete coding sequence and the 3′ region was isolated. This 1.8 kb fragment was end filled and subcloned in the Sma I site of RFM13mp19. The 1.8 kb insert was further digested with a number of standard restriction enzymes and subcloned in M13mp19 for sequencing. Standard cloning procedures were carried out according to Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2nd ed., 1989, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.) The nucleotide sequence was determined and the 1.8 kb sequence of the A. thaliana oleosin gene is presented in FIG. 2 and SEQ ID No.1. This Particular DNA sequence codes for a 18 KDa A. thaliana oleosin gene. The coding region contains a single intron. This gene was used for the construction of recombinant protein expression vectors. The gene may also be used for screening of genomic libraries of other species.

Example 2 Modification of a Native Oleosin for Expression of Heterologous Proteins

[0113] The DNA fragment described in example 1 that contains the oleosin gene and regulatory elements was incorporated into an expression cassette for use with a variety of foreign/alternative genes. The following illustrates the modification made to the native A. thaliana oleosin gene, especially the promoter and coding region, in order to use this gene to illustrate the invention. It is contemplated that a variety of techniques can be used to obtain recombinant molecules, accordingly this example is offered by way of illustration and not limitation. The A. thaliana oleosin gene described in example 1 was cloned as a 1803 bp fragment flanked by Nco 1 and Kpn 1 sites in a vector called pPAW4. The plasmid pPAW4 is a cloning vehicle derived from the plasmid pPAW1 which is a Bluescript plasmid (Clonetech Laboratories) containing a Brassica napus Acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene (Wiersma et al., 1989, Mol Gen Genet. 219:413-420). To construct pPAW4, the plasmid pPAW1 was digested with Kpn I. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and the fragment that contained the Bluescript plasmid vector backbone and a 677 base pair portion of the B. napus ALS gene was isolated and religated. This plasmid contains the following unique restriction sites within the insert: Pst I, Nco I, Hind III and Kpn I. This plasmid was called pPAW4. The 1803 bp Nco I-Kpn I Arabidopsis oleosin gene fragment was cloned between the Nco I and Kpn I sites in pPAW4. The resultant plasmid contained in addition to the Bluescript plasmid sequences, a 142 bp Pst I-Nco I fragment derived from the B. napus ALS gene and the entire 1803 bp Arabidopsis oleosin gene. The 142 bp Pst I-Nco I fragment is present only as a “stuffer” fragment as a result of the cloning approach and is not used in oleosin expression constructs.

[0114] The resultant plasmid was used to further modify the Arabidopsis oleosin gene. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce nucleotide changes at positions −2, −1 and +4 in the DNA sequence shown in FIG. 2. The changes made were: A to T (nucleotide position −2); A to C (nudeotide position −1) and G to A (nucleotide position +4). These nudeotide changes create a 6 nucleotide Bsp H1 restriction endonuclease site at nucleotide positions −2 to +4. The Bsp H1 site (T/CATGA) encompasses the ATG initiation codon and provides a recessed end compatible with Nco 1. A second modification was made by digestion with the enzymes Eco RV and Msc 1 which released a 658 bp fragment containing most of the coding sequence of the native oleosin. This digestion left blunt ends at both the Eco RV and Ms c1 sites. The cut vector was recircularized in the presence of an oligonucleotide linker containing the following unique restriction sites: Hind III, Bgl II, Sal I, Eco RI and Cla I. The recircularized plasmid containing all the 5′ regulatory sequences of the oleosin gene, a transcriptional start site and an initiation codon embedded in a Bsp H1 site. Thirty-one bases downstream of this is a short polylinker containing unique restriction sites. This plasmid was called pOleoP1. The restriction map of this construct is shown in FIG. 3.

[0115] Introduction of any DNA sequence into pOleoP1, this particular cassette requires that the foreign DNA sequence may have, or be modified to have, a Bsp H1 or Nco 1 site at the initial ATG position. This will assure conservation of the distance between the “cap” site and the initiator codon. Alternatively restriction site linkers may be added to facilitate insertion into the cassette. The same restriction site can be chosen for the site of insertion of the 3′ end of the gene or linkers may be added to introduce appropriate sites. The complete chimeric construct is then excised using the appropriate restriction enzyme(s) and introduced into an appropriate plant transformation vector.

Example 3 Using the Arabidopsis Oleosin Promoter For Controlling Expression in Heterologous Plant Species

[0116] To demonstrate expression of the oleosin promoter and to determine the amount of 5′ regulatory region required for expression in transgenic plants, a small number of DNA constructs were made that contain the 5′ transcriptional initiation region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene joined to the coding region for β-glucuronidase (GUS). These constructs were prepared using PCR. The constructs are designated according to the amount of the oleosin 5′ region contained, for example, the 2500 construct has approximately 2500 base pairs of the oleosin 5′ region. The constructs were introduced into Brassica napus and tobacco and the expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was measured as described in detail below. The constructs were made using standard molecular biology techniques, including restriction enzyme digestion, ligation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an illustration of the techniques employed, the construction of the 800 construct is described in detail.

[0117] In order to obtain a DNA fragment containing approximately 800 base pairs from the 5′ transcriptional initiation region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene in a configuration suitable for ligation to a GUS coding sequence, PCR was used. To perform the necessary PCR amplification, two oligonucleotide primers were synthesized (Milligen-Biosearch, Cyclone DNA synthesizer). The first primer, the 5′ primer, was called GVR10 and had the following sequence (also shown in SEQ ID NO.15): 5′-CACTGCAG GAACTCTCTGGTAA-3′ (GVR10)

[0118] The italicized bases correspond to nucleotide positions −833 to −817 in the sequence reported in FIG. 2. The Pst 1 site is underlined. The additional nucleotides 5′ of this sequence in the primer are not identical to the oleosin gene, but were included in order to place a Pst I site at the 5′ end of the amplification product.

[0119] The second primer, the 3′ primer, is designated as ALP 1 and has the following sequence (also shown in SEQ ID NO.16): 5′-CTACCCG GGATCC TGTTTACTAGAGAGAATG-3′ (ALP 1)

[0120] This primer contains the precise complement (shown in italics) to the sequence reported in FIG. 2 from base −13 to −30. In addition, it contains a further 13 bases at the 5′ end added to provide two (overlapping) restriction sites, Sma 1 (recognition CCCGGG) and BamH1 (recognition GGATCC), at the 3′ end of the amplification product to facilitate cloning of the PCR fragment. Both the Sma 1 and Bam H1 sites are underlined, the Bam H1 site is delineated by a double underline.

[0121] These two primers were used in a PCR amplification reaction to produce DNA fragment containing the sequence between nucleotides −833 and −13 of the oleosin gene that now contains a Pst 1 site at the 5′ end and Sma 1 and Bam H1 sites at the 3′ end. The template was the oleosin genomic done 12.1 described in example 1.

[0122] The amplification product was called OLEO p800 and was gel purified and digested with Pst 1. The digestion product was gel purified and end filled using DNA polymerase Klenow fragment then cut with Sma 1 to produce a blunt ended fragment. This fragment was cloned into the Sma 1 site of pUC19 to yield the plasmid pUC OLEOp800. This plasmid contained the insert oriented such that the end of the amplified fragment which contained the Pst 1 site is proximal to the unique Hind III site in the pUC19 cloning vector and the end of the amplified fragment that contains the Sma 1 and Bam H1 site is proximal to the unique Eco RI site in the pUC19. This subclone now contains approximately 800 base pairs of 5′ regulatory region from the Arabidopsis oleosin gene.

[0123] The promoter region contained within the plasmid pUC OLEOp800 was fused to the reporter gene GUS. This was accomplished by substituting the oleosin promoter region for a heat shock promoter fused to a GUS gene in the plasmid HspGUS1559. HspGUS1559 is a plasmid used as a binary vector in Agrobacterium, derived from the vector pCGN 1559 (MacBride and Summerfeldt, 1990, Plant Molecular Biology, 14, 269-276) with an insert containing heat shock promoter (flanked by Bam H1 sites), the β-glucuronidase open reading frame and a nopaline synthase terminator (derived from pB1221, Jefferson R A in Cloning Vectors 1988, Eds. Pouwels P., Enger-Valk B E, Brammer W J., Elsevier Science Pub B V, Amsterdam section VII, Ai11). The binary plasmid HspGUS1559 was digested with BamH1 which resulted in the release of the heat shock promoter and permitted the insertion of a BamH1 fragment in its place. pUC OLEOp800 was then cut with Bam H1 to yield a promoter fragment flanked by Bam H1 sites. This fragment was cloned into the Bam H1 sites of the plasmid HspGUS1559 to yield the Agrobacterium binary transformation vector pOLEOp800GUS1559. The other constructs were prepared by the same PCR method described above using the appropriate primers for amplifying the 2500 fragment, the −1200 fragment, the −600 fragment or the −200 fragment. These plasmids was used to transform Brassica napus and tobacco. GUS expression assays (Jefferson R. A., 1987, Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 5 387-405) were performed on the developing seeds and on non-reproductive plant parts as controls. The results in Brassica napus expressed as specific activity of GUS enzyme are shown in Table I. The results in tobacco are shown in Table II. GUS expression reported is an average obtained from approximately five seeds from each of approximately five different transgenic plants.

[0124] These results demonstrate that the oleosin fragment from −833 to 31 13 used in the 800 construct contains sufficient information to direct specific expression of a reporter gene in transgenic Brassica napus embryos as early as heart stage and that the Arabidopsis oleosin promoter is capable of directing transcription in plants other than Arabidopsis.

[0125] It should be noted that the specific expression demonstrated here does not depend on interactions with the native terminator of an oleosin gene 3′ end. In this example, the 3′ oleosin terminator was replaced by a terminator derived from the nopaline synthase gene of Agrobacterium. Thus, the sequence in the 800 construct is sufficient to achieve the desired expression profile independent of ancillary sequences.

Example 4 Use of Oleosin Promoter and Coding Sequences to Direct Fusion Proteins to the Oil Body Fraction of Seeds

[0126] In this example, we have prepared a transgenic plant which expresses, under the control of the oil body promoter, fusion proteins which associate with oilbodies. The enzymatic properties of the inserted coding sequences are preserved while fused to the oleosin. In this example we use the β-glucuronidase enzyme derived from the microorganism E. coli. was fused to the oleosin coding region (referred to as a oleosin/GUS fusion) under the control of the Arabidopsis oleosin promoter. In order to create an in-frame GUS fusion with the Arabidopsis oleosin, two intermediate plasmids were constructed referred to as pOThromb and pGUSNOS.

[0127] The plasmid pOThromb comprises the oleosin 5′ regulatory region, the oleosin coding sequence wherein the carboxy terminus of the protein has been modified by addition of a thrombin cleavage site. The plasmid pGUSNOS contains the GUS enzyme coding region followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. These two plasmids were joined to make a fusion protein consisting of the oleosin protein fused to the GUS enzyme by way of a linker peptide that is recognized by the endoprotease thrombin.

[0128] These plasmids were constructed using PCR and the specific primers shown below. For the construction of pOThromb, a linker oligonucleotide named GVR01 was synthesized having the DNA sequence (shown in SEQ ID NO.17) of:           10       20         30          40 5′ AATCCCATGG ATCCTCGTGG AACGAGAGTA GTGTGCTGGC CACCACGAGT ACGGTCACGG TC 3′ (GVR01)         50       60

[0129] This DNA sequence contains from nucleotides 27-62 sequences complementary to the 3′ end of the Arabidopsis oleosin coding sequence, from nucleotides 12-26 sequences encoding amino acids that comprise the coding region for a thrombin cleavage site, LVPRGS, and from nucleotides 5-14, the sequence for the restriction sites Bam HI and Nco I. A second primer referred to as GVR10 was also synthesized and consisting of the following DNA sequence (also shown in SEQ ID NO.18):           10      20 5′-CACTGCAGGAACTCTCTGGTAAGC-3′ (GVR10)

[0130] This DNA sequence contains from nucleotides 5-24 sequences homologous to the oleosin 5′ flanking sequence −834 and −814. These two primers were used to amplify the promoter region (0.8 kb) of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene contained in the clone 12.1 described in example 1. The resultant fragment was endfilled and cloned in the Sma I site of pUC19. This plasmid was called pOThrom which contained the oleosin promoter region, the oleosin coding sequence followed by a cleavage site for the enzyme thrombin and restriction sites for the insertion of the β-glucuronidase (hereinafter GUS).

[0131] In order to create an in frame GUS fusion with the Arabidopsis oleosin coding region now contained in pOThrom, a GUS gene with the appropriate restriction site was constructed by the use of PCR. An oligonucleotide referred to as GVR20 was synthesized and containing the following DNA sequence (also shown in SEQ ID NO.19):          10       20 5′-GAGGATCCATGGTACGTCCTGTAGAAACC-3′ (GVR20)

[0132] This oligonucleotide contains from nucleotides 9-29, sequences complementary to the GUS gene and from nucleotides 3-12 the sequence for the restriction sites Bam HI and Nco I to facilitate cloning. In order to create these restriction sites the fourth nucleotide of the GUS sequence was changed from T to G changing the TTA codon (Leu) into GTA (Val). The second primer used was the universal sequencing primer comprising the DNA sequence (also shown in SEQ ID NO.20):          10 5′-GTAAAACGACGGCCAGT-3′ (Universal Sequencing Primer)

[0133] The GVR20 and the Universal Sequencing Primer were used to amplify the GUS-nopaline synthase terminator region from the plasmid pBI121 (Clontech Laboratories). This fragment was endfilled and cloned in the Sma I site of pUC19. This plasmid was called pGUSNOS.

[0134] The plasmid pQThromb was digested with Pst I and Nco I, pGUSNOS was digested with Nco 1 and Xba I. The inserts of both these plasmids were ligated simultaneously into pCGN1559 cut with Xba I and Pst I to generate plasmid pCGOBPGUS. The plasmid pCGOBPGUS contained in the following order, the Arabidopsis oleosin 5′ regulatory region, the oleosin coding region, a short amino acid sequence at the carboxy end of the oleosin coding sequence comprising a thrombin protease recognition site, the coding region for the β-glucuronidase gene followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. The fusion protein coded for by this particular DNA construct is designated as an oleosin/GUS fusion protein.

[0135] This plasmid pCGOBPGUS was digested with Pst I and Kpn I cloned into the PstI and Kpn I sites of pCGN1559 resulting in plasmid pCGOBPGUS which was used as a binary vector in Agrobacterium transformation experiments to produce transgenic B. napus. Seeds from transgenic Brassica napus were obtained and tested for GUS activity. The transformed seeds showed GUS activity specifically associated with the oil body fraction. The results of these experiments are shown in Table III. The data demonstrate specific fractionation of the GUS enzyme to the oil body fraction. This example illustrates the expression and targeting of a bacterial derived enzyme specifically to the oil body fraction of transgenic plants.

[0136] One skilled in the art would realize that various modifications can be made to the above method. For example, a constitutive promoter may be used to control the expression of a oleosin/GUS fusion protein. In particular, the 35S promoter may also be used to control the expression of the oleosin/GUS fusion described above by replacing the Arabidopsis oleosin promoter with the 35S promoter from CaMV (available from the vector pBI 221.1, Clonetech Laboratories) in the vector pCGOBPGUS. The resultant vector can contain in the following order, the CaMV 35S promoter, the oleosin coding region, a short amino acid sequence at the carboxy end of the oleosin coding sequence comprising a thrombin protease recognition site, the coding region for the β-glucuronidase gene followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. This plasmid can be inserted into Bin 19 and the resultant plasmid may be introduced into Agrobacterium. The resulting strain can be used to transform B.napus. GUS activity can be measured in the oil body fraction.

Example 5 Cleavage of Oleosin-Fusion Proteins

[0137] In example 4 it was demonstrated that the targeting information contained within the oleosin is sufficient to target the protein oleosin/GUS fusion to the oil body. The oleosin/GUS fusion protein contains an amino acid sequence (LVPRGS SEQ ID NO.21), which separates the oleosin from GUS. This sequence is recognized by the protease thrombin, which cleaves this peptide sequence after the arginine (R) amino acid residue. The transgenic seeds containing these oleosin/GUS fusions, were used to demonstrate the general utility of such a method of cleavage of a foreign peptide from intact oil bodies containing oleosin/foreign peptide-fusions. The oil body fraction that contained the oleosin/GUS fusion was resuspended in thrombin cleavage buffer which consisted of 50 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 150 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM CaCl₂,2% Triton X-100 and 0.5% sarcosyl. Thrombin enzyme was added and the sample was placed for 30 minutes each at 45° C., 50° C. and 55° C. Following this incubation oil bodies were recovered and tested for GUS activity. GUS enzymatic activity was found in the aqueous phase following this cleavage and removal of the oil bodies. This is shown in table IV. Western blot analysis confirmed the cleavage of GUS enzyme from the oleosin/GUS fusion protein. This example illustrates the cleavage and recovery of a active enzyme from a oleosin/enzyme fusion following biosynthesis and recovery of the enzyme in the oil body fraction of transgenic seeds.

Example 6 Use of Fusion Proteins as Reusable Immobilized Enzymes

[0138] In this example, oleosin/GUS fusion proteins that were associated with oilbodies were used as immobilized enzymes for bioconversion of substrates. Advantage was taken of the fact that enzymatic properties are preserved while fused to the oleosin and the oleosin is very specifically and strongly associated with the oil bodies even when the oil bodies are extracted from seeds. In this example it is demonstrated that said fusion enzymes can be used repeatedly and recovered easily by their association with the oil bodies. In order to demonstrate the reusable and stable GUS activity of the transgenic seeds, transgenic oil bodies were isolated from mature dry seeds as follows. The Brassica napus transgenic seeds containing a oleosin/GUS fusion protein were ground in extraction buffer A which consists of 0.15 M Tricine-KOH pH 7.5, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl₂ and 1 mM EDTA, 4° C. to which sucrose to a final concentration of 0.6M was added just before use. The ground seeds in extraction buffer were filtered through four layers of cheesecloth before centrifugation for 10 minutes at 5000×g at 4° C. The oil bodies present as a surface layer were recovered and resuspended in buffer A containing 0.6M sucrose. This solution was overlaid with an equal volume of Buffer A containing 0.1M sucrose and centrifuged at 18,000×g for 20 minutes. This procedure was repeated twice with the purified oil body fraction (which contained the oilbodies and oleosin/GUS fusion proteins) and was resuspended in buffer A containing 1 mM p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide, a substrate for the GUS enzyme. After incubation, the conversion of the colorless substrate to the yellow p-nitrophenol was used as an indication of GUS activity in the suspensions of transgenic oil bodies. This illustrated the activity of the enzyme is maintained while fused to the oleosin protein and the enzyme is accessible to substrate while attached to the oil bodies. The oil bodies were recovered as described above. No GUS enzyme remained in the aqueous phase after removal of the oil bodies. The oil bodies were then added to fresh substrate. When the oil bodies were allowed to react with fresh substrate, conversion of substrate was demonstrated. This process was repeated four times with no loss of GUS activity. In parallel quantitative experiments, the amount of methyl umbelliferyl glucuronide (MUG) converted to methyl umbelliferone was determined by fluorimetry, and the oil bodies were recovered by flotation centrifugation and added to a new test tube containing MUG. The remaining buffer was tested for residual GUS activity. This procedure was repeated several times. The GUS enzyme showed 100% activity after using four uses and remained stably associated with the oil body fraction. These results are shown in table V. These experiments illustrate the immobilization and recovery of the active enzyme following substrate conversion. The stability of the GUS activity in partially purified oil bodies was established by measuring the GUS activity of the oil body suspension several weeks in a row. The half-life of the GUS activity when the oil-bodies are stored in extraction buffer at 4° C. is more than 3 weeks.

EXPRESSION OF OLEOSIN FUSION PROTEINS Example 7 Expression of an Oleosin/IL-1-β as a Fusion Protein

[0139] To further illustrate the utility of the invention, the human protein interleukin 1-β (IL-1-β) was chosen for biosynthesis according the method. IL-1-β consists of 9 amino acids (aa); Val-Gln-Gly-Glu-Glu-Ser-Asn-Asp-Lys (Antoni et al., 1986, J. Immunol. 137:3201-3204 SEQ. ID. NO.22). The strategy for biosynthesis was to place this nine amino acid protein at the carboxy terminus of the native oleosin protein. The strategy further employed the inclusion of a protease recognition site to permit the cleavage of the IL-1-β from the oleosin protein while fused to the oil bodies. In order to accomplish this, a recognition site for the endoprotease Factor Xa was incorporated into the construct. The protease Factor Xa can cleave a protein sequence which contains amino acid sequence ile-glu-gly-arg. Cleavage takes place after the arginine residue. Based on these sequences, an oligonucleotide was synthesized which contained 18 nucleotides of the 3′ coding region of the A. thaliana oleosin (base position 742-759, coding for the last six amino acids of the native protein), an alanine residue (as a result of replacing the TAA stop codon of the native oleosin with a GCT codon for alanine), the coding sequence for the Factor Xa cleavage (four codons for the amino acids ile-glu-gly-arg) followed by the coding sequence for IL-1-β. The oligonucleotide further comprised a TAA stop coding after the carboxy terminus lysine residue of IL-1-β and adjacent to this stop codon, a Sal 1 restriction site was added. The IL-1-β coding sequence was designed using optimal codon usage for the B.napus and A. thaliana oleosin. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that maximal expression is expected when the codon usage of the recombinant protein matches that of other genes expressed in the same plant or plant tissue. This oligonucleotide was inserted into the Arabidopsis oleosin gene. The modified oleosin gene was cut with Pst 1 and Sal 1 and joined to the nos terminator to obtain the plasmid called pCGOBPILT. This plasmid contains, in the following order, the Arabidopsis oleosin promoter, the oleosin coding sequence, including the intron, and the IL-1-β coding region joined at the carboxy terminus of the oleosin protein through a Factor Xa protease recognition site and the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. This construct was inserted into the binary plasmid Bin 19 (Bevan, M., 1984, Nucl. Acids Res. 12:8711-8721) and the resultant plasmid was introduced into Agrobacterium. The resulting strain was used to transform B. napus and tobacco plants.

[0140] The Arabidopsis oleosin/IL-1-β fusion was stably integrated into the genomes of tobacco and B. napus. Northern analysis of embryo RNA isolated from different transformed tobacco plants showed the accumulation of Arabidopsis oleosin/IL-1-β mRNA.

[0141] Oil body proteins from transformed tobacco seeds were prepared, and western blotting was performed. An antibody raised against a 22 KDa oleosin of B. napus, was used to detect the Arabidopsis oleosin/IL-1-β fusion in the tobacco seeds. This antibody recognizes all the major oleosins in B. napus and A. thaliana. In addition, this, antibody recognizes the tobacco oleosins. In oleosins extracted from transformed tobacco seeds the antibody recognized a 20 KDa-protein, which represents oleosin/IL-1-β fusion oleosin. This fusion protein was not present in the untransformed tobacco seed. These results demonstrate the accumulation of oleosin/IL-1-β fusion in tobacco. Similar expression and accumulation is seen in Brassica napus transformed with the oleosin/IL-1-β fusion gene. These results further exemplify the utility of the method for the expression of heterologous proteins in plants.

Example 8 Expression of Oleosin/Hirudin Gene Fusion in B. napus

[0142] As a further example of the invention, the protein hirudin, derived from the leech (a segmented worm) was synthesized and fused to oleosin. Hirudin is an anti-coagulant which is produced in the salivary glands of the leech Hirudo medicinalis (Dodt et al., 1984, FEBS Lett., 65:180-183). The protein is synthesized as a precursor protein (Harvey et al., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 1084-1088) and processed into a 65 amino acid mature protein. The hirudin gene was resynthesized to reflect the codon usage of Brassica and Arabidopsis oleosin genes and a gene fusion was made with the C-terminal end of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene. The gene sequences for oleosin and huridin were separated by codons for an amino acid sequence encoding a Factor Xa endoprotease cleavage site. The resulting plasmid was called pCGOBHIRT. This plasmid contains, in the following order, the promoter region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene, the coding sequence of the oleosin protein including the intron, a factor Xa cleavage site and the resynthesized huridin gene followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. This construct was inserted into the binary plasmid Bin 19 and the resultant plasmid was introduced into Agrobacterium. The resulting strain was used to transform B. napus and tobacco.

[0143] The Arabidopsis oleosin/hirudin fusion (OBPHIR) was stably integrated into the genomes of N. tabacum and B. napus respectively. Northern analysis of embryo RNA isolated from different OBPHIR transformed plants showed the accumulation OBPHIR mRNA in B. napus seeds. Monoclonal antibodies raised against hirudin confirmed the stable accumulation of the oleosin/hirudin fusion in the seeds of transformed plants. Transgenic seeds containing an oleosin/hirudin were assayed after a year of storage at room temperature. No degradation of the oleosin/hirudin protein could be observed demonstrating the stability of the huridin in intact seeds.

[0144] The huridin can be cleaved from the oleosin by the use of the Factor Xa cleavage site built into the fusion protein. Upon treatment of the oilbody fraction of transgenic Brassica napus seeds, active huridin was released. These results are shown in Table VI. This example illustrates the utility of the invention for the production of heterologous proteins with therapeutic value from non-plant sources.

Example 9 Fusion of Foreign Proteins to the N-terminus of Oleosin

[0145] In this example, a foreign protein was joined to the oleosin coding region via fusion to the N-terminus of the oleosin. As an illustration of the method, the GUS enzyme was fused in-frame to the Arabidopsis oleosin coding region described in example 1. In order to accomplish this, four DNA components were ligated to yield a GUS-oleosin fusion under the control of the oleosin promoter. These were: The oleosin 5′ regulatory region, the GUS coding region, the oleosin coding region, and the nos ter transcription termination region. These four DNA components were constructed as follows:

[0146] The first of these components comprised the oleosin promoter isolated by PCR using primers that introduced convenient restriction sites. The 5′ primer was called OleoPromK and comprised the sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.23):             Nco1 5′-CGC GGT ACC ATGG CTA TAC CCA ACC TCG-3′        Kpn1

[0147] This primer creates a convenient Kpn 1 site in the 5′ region of the promoter. The 3′ primer comprised the sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.24): 5′-CGC ATCGATGTTCTTGTTTACTAGAGAG-3′        Cla1

[0148] This primer creates a convenient Cla 1 site at the end of the untranslated leader sequence of the oleosin transcribed sequence just prior to the ATG initiation codon in the native oleosin sequence. These two primers were used to amplify a modified promoter region from the native Arabidopsis oleosin gene. Following the reaction, the amplification product was digested with Kpn 1 and Cla 1 to yield a 870bp fragment containing the oleosin promoter and the 5′ untranslated leader sequence. This promoter fragment is referred to as Kpn-OleoP-Cla and was ligated in the Kpn 2-Cla 1 sites of a standard subcloning vector referred to as pBS.

[0149] The second DNA component constructed was the GUS coding region modified to introduce the appropriate restriction sites and a Factor Xa cleavage site. In order to accomplish this, the GUS coding region in the vector PBI221 was used as a template in a PCR reaction using the following primers. The 5′ primer was called 5′-GUS-Cla which comprised the following sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.25):               Nde 1 5′-GCC ATCGATCAT ATG TTA CGT CCT GTA GAA ACC         Cla 1 CCA-3′

[0150] The 3′ primer was referred to as 3′-GUS-FX-Bam and comprised the following nucleotide sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.26): 5′ CGC GGATCC TCT TCC TTC GAT TTG TTT GCC TCC       Bam H1     Factor Xa             encoding DNA sequence               shown in boldface CTG C-3′

[0151] This second oligonucleotide also encodes four amino acids specifying the amino acid sequence I-E-G-R, the recognition site for the endoprotease activity of factor Xa. The ampli fication product of approximately 1.8 kb comprises a GUS coding region flanked by a Cla 1 site at the 5′ end and in place of the GUS termination codon, a short nudeotide sequence encoding the four amino acids that comprise the Factor Xa endoprotease activity cleavage site. Following these amino acid codons is a restriction site for BamH1.

[0152] The isolation of the oleosin coding region was also performed using PCR. To isolate this third DNA component, the Arabidopsis oleosin genomic clone was used as a template in a reaction that contained the following two primers. The first of these primers is referred to as 5′-Bam-Oleo and has the following sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.27): 5′ CGC GGATCC ATG GCG GAT ACA GCT AGA 3′        Bam H1

[0153] The second primer is referred to as 3′-Oleo-Xba and has the following sequence (also shown as SEQ. ID. NO.28): 5′ TGC TCT AGA CGA TGA CAT CAG TGG GGT AAC TTA AGT 3′        Xba 1

[0154] PCR amplification of the genomic clone yielded an oleosin coding region flanked by a Bam H1 site at the 5′ end and a Xba 1 site at the 3′ end. This coding sequence was subcloned into the Bam Hi and Xba 1 site of the subcloning vector pBS.

[0155] The fourth DNA component comprised the nopaline synthetase transcriptional termination region (nos ter) isolated from the vector pBI 221 as a blunt-ended Sst 1-EcoRI fragment cloned into the blunt-ended Hind III site of pUC 19. This subclone has a Xba 1 site at the 5′ end and a Hind III site at the 3′ end.

[0156] As a first step to assemble these four DNA components, the oleosin coding region and nos ter were first jointed by ligation of the Bam H1-Xba 1 fragment of the oleosin coding region with the Xba 1-Hind III fragment of the nos ter into Bam H1-Hind III digested pUC 19. This construct yielded a subclone that comprised the oleosin coding region joined to the nos ter. As a second step in the assembly of the DNA components, the oleosin promoter region was then joined to the modified GUS coding region by ligation of the Kpn 1-Cla 1 oleosin promoter fragment to the Cla 1-Bam H1 fragment of the GUS coding region modified to contain the Factor Xa recognition site and subcloning these ligated fragments into pUC 19 cut with Kpn 1 and Bam H1.

[0157] To assemble all four DNA components, the Kpn 1-Bam H1 oleosin promoter fused to the GUS coding region was ligated with the Bam H1-Hind III oleosin coding region-nos ter fragment in a tripartite ligation with Kpn1-Hind III digested Agrobacterium binary transformation vector PCGN1559. The resultant transformation vector was called pCGYGON1 and was mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 101 and used to transform B. napus. Transformed plants were obtained, transferred to the greenhouses and allowed to set seed. Seeds were analyzed as described by Holbrook et al (1991, Plant Physiology 97:1051-1058) and oil bodies were obtained. Western blotting was used to demonstrate the insertion of the GUS oleosin fusion protein into the oil body membranes. In these experiments, more that 80% of the GUS oleosin fusion protein was associated with the oil body fraction. No degradation of the fusion protein was observed. This example illustrates the utility of the method for the expression and recovery of foreign proteins fused to the N-terminus of oleosin.

Example 10 Expression of an Oleosin/Chymosin Fusion Protein

[0158] As a further example of the invention, the bovine aspartic protease, chymosin—which is also frequently referred to in the art as rennin—was expressed as an oleosin fusion. Also exemplified here is the cleavage of an oleosin fusion protein by chemical means.

[0159] A complementary DNA clone containing a gene of interest may be obtained by any standard technique. For the purpose of this experiment, reverse transcription PCR was used to obtain a full length pre-prochymosin cDNA clone. RNA isolated from calf abomasum was used as the source material for the PCR and primers were designed in accordance with the sequence described by Harris et al. (1982, Nucl. Acids Res., 10: 2177-2187). Subsequently, prochymosin was furnished with an NcoI recognition sequence (CCATGG) in such a way that the initiating methionine codon was in frame with the prochymosin cDNA. The Met-prochymosin sequence was ligated in frame to the 3′ coding sequence of an A. thaliana oleosin genomic sequence oleosin in which the TAA stopcodon had been replaced by a short spacer sequence (encoding LVPRGS SEQ ID NO.29) and an NcoI site. The complete sequence of a HindIII fragment containing the oleosin-spacer-Met-prochymosin sequence is shown in FIG. 6 and SEQ. ID.NO 6. This HindIII fragment was joined to a nopaline synthase terminator and cloned into the binary vector pCGN1559 (McBride and Summerfelt, 1990, Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 269-276). The resulting plasmid was called pSBSOTPTNT and introduced in A. tumefaciens. The resulting bacterial strain was used to transform B. napus plants.

[0160] Oil bodies from transformed B. napus plants were prepared and resuspended in 100 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0. In order to demonstrate chemical cleavage of chymosin from the oleosin-spacer-Met-prochymosin fusion, the pH of the oil body suspension was lowered into two steps to pH 5.5 and pH 3.0, respectively using HCl. Oil bodies were subjected to these acidic conditions for several hours prior to Western blotting. Western blotting was performed using polyclonal antibodies raised against bovine chymosin and using commercially available chymosin (Sigma) as a positive control. The oleosin-spacer-Met-prochymosin fusion protein (approximately 62 kDa) could only be detected in oil body protein extracts obtained from transgenic B. napus seeds incubated at pH 8.0 and pH 5.0. No mature chymosin (35 kDa) was detected in protein extracts incubated under these conditions. The mature chymosin polypeptide was detected as the predominant molecular species in oil body protein extracts incubated at pH 3.0. In addition, oil body protein extracts incubated at pH 3.0 were the only extracts exhibiting chymosin activity as measured by milk-clotting assay. In protein extracts isolated from untransformed control plants no specific cross-reactivity with anti-chymosin antibodies was detected.

Example 11 Expression of an Oleosin/Cystatin Fusion Protein

[0161] As a further example of the present invention, the expression of a protein that is toxic to insects is illustrated. The cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin (OC-I), from Oryza sativa was expressed in a germination-specific manner in Brassica napus cv. Westar. The strategy for biosynthesis was to place the coding sequence for the complete 11.5 kDa OC-I protein downstream of the isocitrate lysase (ICL) promoter, isolated from Brassica napus (Comai et al., 1989, Plant Cell 1: 293-300). The ICL promoter has been shown to be functional for several days directly after germination of the seeds. Thus, this will allow for the pulse release of cystatin only for several days after germination when seedlings are most susceptible to the feeding of insects such as the flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) or the red turnip beetle (Entomoscelis americana).

[0162] The 313 bp sequence, encoding OC-I, from the cDNA clone OC 9b (Chen et al., 1992, Prot. Expr. and Purif., 3: 41-49) was amplified by PCR, using 5′ and 3′ specific primers, designed to introduce BspHI and BamHI sites for cloning purposes. The resulting fragment was cloned into pITG7, a vector containing the nos terminator of transcription. OC-I-nos was amplified from this plasmid by PCR, using the 5′ primer specific to the OC-I coding sequence and the Universal primer (Stratagene). The resulting OC-I-nos fragment was cloned into the SmaI site of pBS(KS), excised with BspHI and KpnI and introduced into pUC18-ICL (plasmid containing the ICL promoter) at the NcoI and KpnI sites. The entire ICL-OC-I-nos cassette was removed by digestion with PstI, cloned into the plant binary vector pCGN 1547 (McBride and Summerfelt, 1990, Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 269-276) and designated pCGN-ICLOC. This plasmid was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 and the resulting strain was used to transform Brassica napus cv. Westar, using the cut petiole transformation method (Moloney et al., 1989, Plant Cell Reports 8: 238-242). Transformation resulted in the stable integration of the ICL-OC-I -nos construct into the genome of Brassica napus. Northern blot analysis of poly-A⁺ mRNA isolated from seedlings showed the accumulation of OC-I mRNA transcripts between one (1) to four (4) days after germination.

[0163] Protein extracts from the cotyledons of transformed Brassica napus seedlings were prepared using standard techniques (Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: a laboratory manual 2nd ed, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press) and Western blot analysis was performed in order to determine if OC-I protein was produced. A polyclonal antibody raised against the truncated 10 kDa recombinant form of OC-I (Chen et al., 1992) was produced and allowed the detection of the complete OC-I protein (11.5 kDa) in extracts prepared from transformed Brassica napus seedlings. The OC-I protein was not detected in ungerminated seeds or in untransformed seeds or seedlings. The expression of OC-I was also found to be tissue specific, with the protein being found in cotyledons and hypocotyls but absent from roots and the first true leaves.

[0164] In order to prove functionality of the OC-I protein produced in the Brassica napus seedlings, a proteinase inhibitor assay (Rymerson et al., manuscript in preparation) was performed, using the proteinase papain. OC-I produced in the seedlings was shown to significantly inhibit the activity of papain. The experiments described here, indicate that OC-I protein, cystatin, is produced in a germination and tissue specific manner and acts as a functional proteinase inhibitor in this system.

Example 12 Expression of an Oleosin/Xylanase Fusion Protein

[0165] As a further example of the present invention, the production of an industrial enzyme, xylanase, is illustrated. A variety of industrial applications have been reported for xylananes (Jeffries et al., 1994, TAPPI 77: 173-179; Biely, 1985, Trends Biotechnol. 3: 286-290), induding the conversion of the pulp and paper industry waste product xylan to useful monosaccharides.

[0166] The xynC gene encoding a highly active xylanase from the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum (Selinger et al., 1995, Abstract, 23rd Biennial Conference on Rumen Function, Chicago, Ill.) was joined in-frame to oleosin via a fusion to the C-terminus of the Arabidopsis oleosin coding region described in example 1. The xynC gene consists of an N-terminal catalytic domain preceded by a signal peptide. The xylanase gene lacking the ATG startcodon and partial signal peptide coding sequence was first amplified by PCR using the following 2 primers (also shown in SEQ ID NO 30 and SEQ ID NO 31):             10         20                30 5′-ATCTCTAGAATTCAACTACTCTTGCTCAAAG-3′ and             10         20 5′-GGGTTGCTCGAGATTTCTAATCAATTTAT-3′

[0167] The PCR product was digested with EcoRI and XhoI and cloned into the E. coli expression vector pGEX4T-3 (Pharmacia) and designated pGEXxyn. Following expression and purification of the xylanase-glutathion-S-transferase fusion protein according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer, polyclonal antibodies against xylanase were obtained from rabbits immunized with thrombin-cleaved, purified recombinant xylanase.

[0168] In order to obtain the 1608 bp fragment containing the oleosin promoter and oleosin coding region, the construct pCGYOBPGUSA (van Rooijen and Moloney, 1995, Plant Physiol. 109: 1353-1361) was digested with PstI and BamHI. The xylanase coding region was obtained by digestion of pGEXxyn with EcoRI and XhoI. The oleosin fragment and xylanase fragment were cloned into pBluescript (pBS), previously digested with EcoRI and XhoI, resulting in pBSOleXyn. In order to isolate the nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator region containing XbaI and XhoI cloning sites, the BamHI-HindIII fragment from pCGYOBPGUSA containing the NOS terminator sequence was subcloned in pBS to yield the intermediate plasmid pBSNos. Digestion of pBSNos with XbaI and XhoI and digestion of pBSOleXyn with PstI and XhoI yielded fragments containing the NOS terminator and the oleosin-xylanase fusion respectively and were ligated into the binary vector pCGN1559 which was digested with PstI and XhoI. The resulting binary vector containing the recombinant oleosin-xylanase fusion was named pCGOleXyn. Following introduction of pCGOLeXyn into A. tumefaciens, B. napus cv Westar plants were transformed using the method of Moloney et al. (1989, Plant Cell Rep. 8: 238-242).

[0169] Accumulation of oleosin-XynC fusion protein in oil-bodies of transgenic canola plants was assessed by Western analysis. Probing of total seed protein extracts and oil body protein extracts with anti-XynC antiserum revealed the presence of a predominant band of 70 kDa on Western blots in both extracts. The predicted molecular weight of the oleosin-XynC fusion protein (68.2 kDa) and hence is in good agreement with the observed band. The fusion protein was absent in extracts from untransformed plants.

[0170] In order to evaluate functional activity of the oleosin-xylanase fusion proteins, xylanase enzyme assays using remazol brilliant blue-xylan (RBB-xylan) as described by Biely et al. (1988, Methods Enzymol. 160: 536-542) were carried out using oilbody immobilized xylanase. Xylanase activity was found to be associated almost exclusively with the oil body fraction and kinetic parameters were comparable to those of microbially expressed xylanase.

Example 13 Expression of an Oleosin/Carp Growth Hormone Fusion Protein

[0171] As a further example of this invention, the production of carp growth hormone (cGH) as an oleosin fusion protein is described. A DNA fragment containing the cGH coding region lacking its 22 amino acid signal sequence was amplified from a plasmid containing on an insert a common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth hormone cDNA (Koren et al., 1989, Gene 67: 309-315) using the PCR in combination with two cGH-specific primers. The amplified cGH fragment was fused in the correct reading frame and 3′ to the A. thaliana oleosin using pOThromb (van Rooijen, 1993, PhD Thesis, University of Calgary) as a parent plasmid and employing cloning strategies similar to those outlined in the present application in e.g. examples 9 to 11 and well known to a person skilled in the art. In pOThromb a thrombin cleavage site was engineered 3′ to the oleosin coding sequence. The oleosin-cGH fusion was introduced into the binary vector pCGN1559 (McBride and Summerfelt, 1990, Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 269-276) and the resulting construct was used to transform A. tumefaciens. The Agrobacterium strain was employed to transform B. napus cv Westar seedlings.

[0172] Seeds from transgenic B. napus plants were analysed for cGH expression by Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies against cGH. The expected 40 kDa oleosin-cGH fusion protein was specifically detected in oil body protein extracts containing the oleosin-cGH fusion protein. A 22 kDa polypeptide corresponding with cGH could be released from oil bodies upon treatment with thrombin, while no cGH was detected in oil body protein extracts from untransformed control plants.

Example 14 Expression of an Oleosin/Zein Fusion Protein

[0173] In order to demonstrate the utility of the instant invention for the production of improved meal, a gene specifying high levels of methionine residues, was expressed as an oleosin fusion in B. napus seeds. For the purpose of this experiment the gene encoding the corn seed storage protein zein (Kirihara et al., 1988, Gene 71: 359-370) was used. The zein gene was fused 3′ of the oleosin coding sequence and introduced in the binary vector pCGN1559 (McBride and Summerfelt, 1990, Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 269-276) employing cloning strategies similar to those described in the present application in e.g. examples 9 to 11 and well known to the skilled artisan. The resulting recombinant plasmid was introduced in A. tumefaciens and used to transform B. napus cotyledonary explants. Amino acid analyses of canola meal of plants transformed with the oleosin-zein fusion construct indicated a significant increase in the levels of methionine in the meal when compared to untransformed plants.

Example 15 Construction of an Oleosin/Collagenase Protein Vector

[0174] As a further example of the invention, a vector containing an oleosin-collagenase fusion was constructed.

[0175] A 2.2 kbp fragment containing the collagenase gene from vibrio alginolyticus was PCR amplified from genomic bacterial DNA using primers in accordance with the published sequence (Takeuchi et al., 1992, Biochem. Journal, 281: 703-708). The fragment 2.2 kbp was then subcloned into pUC19 yielding pZAP1. Subsequently, the collagenase gene was introduced into pNOS8 containing the NOS terminator. The collagenase gene was ligated to the oleosin promoter and coding sequence of pThromb (van Rooijen, 1993, PhD Thesis, University of Calgary) containing a thrombin cleavage site and introduced into the binary vector pCGN1559 (McBride and Summerfelt, 1990, Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 269-276).

[0176] The collagenase construct may be introduced in a transgenic plant containing a second oleosin gene fusion to, for example, a gene encoding the enzyme chitinase isolated from tobacco (Melchers et al., 1994, Plant Journal 5: 469-480) and containing a collagenase recognition sequence engineered between the oleosin sequence and the second fusion protein. Introduction of the two fusion genes may be accomplished by sexual crossing of two lines which each contain one of the fusion genes or by transformation of a plant containing the first construct the second construct.

Expression in Plant Hosts Example 16 Expression of Oleosin/GUS Fusions in Various Plant Species

[0177] It is a feature of the present invention that a wide variety of host cells may be employed. In order to illustrate the expression of oleosin fusions in a number of plant species, the expression of the A. thaliana oleosin fused to the reporter gene GUS was assessed in the embryos of nine different plant species, including the monocotelydenous plant species Zea mays (corn).

[0178] Plasmid pCGYOBPGUS containing the intact A. thaliana oleosin gene with a carboxyl terminal fused GUS gene (van Rooijen et al., 1995, Plant Physiol. 109: 1353-1361) was used to transform oilseed embryos of the following plant species: Brassica napus (canola), Helianthus anuus (sunflower), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Glycine max (soybean), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Zea mays (corn). Transformation was accomplished by partide bombardment (Klein et al., 1987, Nature, 327: 70-73) and plasmid pGN, containing a promoterless GUS gene was used as a control. Histochemical GUS staining (Klein et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 85: 8502-8505) of the embryos was used to assess GUS expression.

[0179] The embryos of the 9 species transformed with plasmid pCGTYOBPGUS containing the oleosin-GUS fusion gene all exhibited substantial GUS expression as judged by histochemical staining. In contrast, no appreciable levels of GUS activity was detected in embryos transformed with the promoterless GUS construct.

Expression in Prokaryotes Example 17 Isolation of a B. napus Oleosin cDNA

[0180] The Arabidopsis oleosin gene described in Example1 contains an intron, and as such is not suitable for use in a prokaryotic expression system. In order to express oleosin fusions in a microorganism such as bacteria, a coding sequence devoid of introns must be used. To accomplish this, a B.napus cDNA library was made using standard techniques and was used to isolate oleosin cDNAs. Four clones were obtained and were called pcDNA#7, pcDNA#8, pcDNA#10 and pcDNA#12. These cDNA clones were partly sequenced, and one clone pcDNA#8, was sequenced completely. All the dones showed high levels of identity to oleosins. pcDNA#10 was identical to pcDNA#12, but different from pcDNA#8 and pcDNA#7. The deduced amino acid sequence of the insert of pcDNA#8 is very similar to the Arabidopsis oleosin and is shown in FIG. 4. This coding region of oleosin can be used to isolate other oleosin genes or for expression of oleosin fusions in prokaryotic systems. It also provides a convenient coding region for fusion with various other promoters for heterologous expression of foreign proteins due to the ability of the protein (oleosin) to specifically interact with the oilbody fraction of plant extracts.

Example 18 Expression of a Oleosin/GUS Fusion in the Heterologous Host E. coli

[0181] In order to further illustrate the invention, an oleosin/GUS gene fusion was expressed in E. coli strain JM109. The oleosin cDNA pcDNA#8 described in example 17 was digested with Nco I and ligated into the Nco I site of pKKGUS, an expression vector containing the LacZ promoter fused to GUS. The plasmid pKKGUS was constructed by adding the GUS coding region to the vector pKK233 (Pharmacia) to generate the plasmid pKKoleoGUS and the anti-sense construct pKKoeloGUS. This construct is shown in FIG. 5. These plasmids were introduced into E. coli strain JM109 and expression was induced by IPTG. The E. coli cells were prepared for GUS activity measurements. In bacterial cells containing the vector pKKGUS, strong induction of GUS activity is observed following addition of ITPG. In cells containing pKKoleoGUS similar strong induction of GUS activity was seen following addition of IPTG. In cells containing pKKoeloGUS (GUS in the antisense orientation) no induction over background was observed following the addition of IPTG. These results suggest that the oleosin/GUS fusion is active in bacteria. Although that activity observed for the fusion product is less than the unfused product, the oleosin coding sequence was not optimized for expression in bacteria. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that simple modification of codons or other sequences such as ribosome binding sites could be employed to increase expression. The results are summarized in Table VII.

[0182] The fusion protein can be isolated from the bulk of the cellular material by utilizing the ability of the oleosin portion of the fusion proteins to specifically associate with oil bodies.

Expression in Fungi Example 19 Expression of an Oleosin/GUS Fusion in the Heterologous H st Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

[0183] As an example of the utility of the disclosed invention for expression in fungal systems, an oleosin-GUS fusion was expressed in S. cerevisiae. Plasmids pM1830OleoGUS, containing an oleosin-GUS fusion, and control plasmid pM1830 (FIGS. 7 and 8) were used to to transform S. cerevisiae strain 1788 (Mata/Matα) an isogenic diploid of EG123 (MATα leu2-3,112 ura3-52trp1his4canI^(r); Kyung and Levin, 1992, Mol. Cel. Biol. 12: 172-182) according to the method of Elbe (1992, Biotechniques: 13: 18-19). Briefly, strain 1788 was grown on YPD (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% dextrose; Sherman et al., methods in yeast genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press) at 30° C. for 1 day. The strain was then transformed with plasmids pM1830 and pM1830OleoGUS. Transformants were selected on synthetic media (SC, Sherman et al. Methods in yeast genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press), lacking leucine at 30° C. for 3 days. Individual colonies were grown in SC (minus leucine) for 1 day, reinoculated into fresh medium at equal starting densities (OD₆₀₀=0.05), then grown to mid-log phase (OD₆₀₀)=2.0-3.0). Cultures were centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was removed. The pellet was resuspended in 100 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5), 1 mM PMSF (phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride) and the cells were lysed using a French Press. GUS activity measurements were done according to Jefferson (1987) and protein determination was done as described by Bradford et al. (1976, Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254).

[0184] Western blotting using a polyclonal anti-oleosin antibody revealed the presence of a 90 kDa polypeptide, which is in agreement with the molecular weight deduced from the amino acid sequence of the fusion protein (89.7 kDa). No cross-reactivity was observed in extracts from the untransformed strain or in extract transformed with the control plasmid pM1830. Significant GUS activity could be detected in S. cerevisiae cells transformed with pM1830OleoGUS, while no appriciable levels of GUS activity were measured in untransformed cells or cells transformed with pM1830 (table VIII).

Example 20 Isolation of an Arabidopsis Caleosin Gene

[0185] An Arabidopsis silique cDNA library CD4-12 was obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Centre (ABRC, http://aims.cps.msu.edu) Arabidopsis stock centre and used as a template for the isolation of the caleosin gene from Arabidopsis. For the isolation of the caleosin gene the following primers were synthesized: GVR979: +TL,21 5′ TACCATGG GGTCAAAGACGGAG 3′ (SEQ ID NO.32)

[0186] The sequence of the caleosin identical to the 5′ end of the Arabidopsis caleosin gene (as reported in the EMBL, Genbank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Database under the accession number AF067857), is indicated in bold. Underlined is an NcoI restriction site to facilitate cloning. GVR980: +TL,23 5′ ATCCATGGCGTAGTATGCTGTCTTGTCT 3′ (SEQ ID NO.33)

[0187] The sequence complementary to the 3′ end of the caleosin is indicated in bold. Underlined is an NcoI restriction site to facilitate cloning.

[0188] A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out using GVR979 and GVR980 as primers and the cDNA library CD4-12 as a template. Note that this PCR has eliminated the stopcodon. This stopcodon is now replaced by an NcoI restriction site which will allow for an in-frame fusion with the GUS sequence (See example 21). The resulted PCR fragment was isolated, doned into pBluescript (Strategene) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR fragment and a comparison of this sequence with the published caleosin is shown in FIG. 9. The isolated sequence encoding caleosin was identical to coding sequence of the reported caleosin gene accession number AF067857 except for one nucleotide at position 69 (See FIG. 9). This nucleotide change did not result in an change in the deduced aminoacid sequence. The pBluescript vector containing the caleosin gene is called pSBS2099.

Example 21 Construction of a Plant Expression Vectors

[0189] Construction of plant transformation vector pSBS2098. An expression vector was constructed to allow for the seed specific expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in seeds. The β-glucuronidase gene was obtained from the plasmid pGUSN358S (Clontech laboratories). Standard molecular biology laboratory techniques (see eg: Sambrook et al. (1990) Molecular Cloning, 2^(nd) ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press) were used to place the GUS gene between the phaseolin promoter and the phaseolin terminator derived from the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris (Slightom et al (1983) Proc. Natl Acad Sc USA 80: 1897-1901; Sengupta-Gopalan et al., (1985) PNAS USA 82: 3320-3324. Standard molecular biology laboratory techniques (see eg: Sambrook et al. (1990) Molecular Cloning, 2^(nd) ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press) were also used to furnish the phaseolin terminator with a KpnI site using the Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) (see FIG. 10). The phaseolin promoter contains a native EcoRI site at its 5'site. This EcoRI-phaseolin promoter—GUS—phaseolin terminator-KpnI sequence was cloned in the EcoRI—KpnI sites of cloned into pBluescript (Strategene). This vector was called pSBS2098. A map of pSBS2098 is shown in FIG. 13. The complete sequence of the insert of pSBS2098 is shown in FIG. 10.

Construction of Plant Transformation Vector pSBS2037

[0190] An expression vector was constructed to allow for the seed specific expression of a oleosin-β-glucuronidase (oleosinGUS) fusion in seeds. An Arabidopsis oleosin gene as described Van Rooijen et al (1992) Plant Mol. Biol.18: 1177-1179) was placed upstream and in-frame (again the native stop codon was removed) to the GUS coding sequence of pSBS2099 using standard molecular biology laboratory techniques (see eg: Sambrook et al. (1990) Molecular Cloning, 2^(nd) ed. Cold Spring Harbor Press). This vector was called pSBS2037. A map of pSBS2037 is shown in FIG. 13 and the complete sequence of the insert of pSBS2037 is shown in FIG. 11.

[0191] Construction of plant transformation vector pSBS2601. An expression vector was constructed to allow for the seed specific expression of a caleosin-β-Glucuronidase (caleosinGUS) translational fusion in seeds.

[0192] The Arabidopsis caleosin gene as described in Example 20 was cloned as an NcoI fragment upstream (and in-frame) of the GUS coding This vector was called pSBS2601. A map of pSBS2601 is shown in FIG. 13 and the complete sequence of the insert of pSBS2061 is shown in FIG. 12.

Example 22 Transient Expression of β-Glucuronidase, Oleosin-β-Glucuronidase and Caleosin-β-Glucuronidase in Flax Embryos

[0193] Expression vectors pSBS2037, pSBS2098 and pSBS2601 were tested for their ability to transiently express GUS, oleosinGUS and caleosinGUS respectively. This transient expression was carried out bombarding flax embryos. As a control flax embyos were bombarded with gold particles with no DNA added. The subcellular location of the “free” GUS (as a result of transient expression of pSBS2098) the oleosinGUS fusion (as a result of expression of pSBS2037) and the caleosinGUS (as a result of expression of pSBS2601), and histochemical staining was determined/done essentially as described in Abenes et al (1997) Plant Cell reports 17: 1-7, with several minor modifications. In brief, the protocol was as follows: Three plates with 10 embryos each were separately bombarded with each plasmid (or just gold particles for the control). After particle bombardment one plate was used for histochemical staining (see FIG. 13) and the embryos from the two remaining plates were combined for activity measurements. These were ground in 200 μl oilbody extraction buffer (5 mM Tris-Cl pH 7.5, 0.4 M sucrose, 500 mM NaCl). An aliquot was taken, this sample is referred to as “Total extract”. The remainder is spun in an eppendorf microfuge at 15,000×g, resulting in a supernatant fraction of 150 μl and an oilbody fraction. The oilbody fraction is resuspended in 150 μl. 10 μl of total extract, supernatant and oilbody fraction are added to 100 μl GUS assay buffer (see Jefferson R A (1987) Assaying chimeric genes in plants: The GUS gene fusion system. Plant Mol Biol Rep 5: 387-405). This is done in duplicate. The reaction is incubated at 37° C. for 2 hours after which 20 μl of this reaction is added to 1 ml 0.2 M Sodium Carbonate (Stop buffer). Fluorescence is measured according to Jefferson R A (1987). Plant Mol Biol Rep 5: 387-405. As can be seen in FIG. 13, GUS expression is visible in panel B, C and D. This means that both oleosinGUS (panel C) and caleosinGUS (panel D) fusion proteins are expressed and result in a biologically active enzyme. Table IX shows the result of the GUS activity measurements. As can be seen from this table, both the “free” GUS, oleosinGUS and caleosinGUS are expressed. The “free” GUS is predominantly found in the supernatant fraction, whereas oleosinGUS and caleosinGUS are predominantly found in the oilbody fraction. This indicates that both oleosin and caleosin sequences are sufficient for the efficient targeting to oilbodies.

Additional Applications of the Invention

[0194] The above examples describe various proteins that can be fused to an oil body protein and expressed in oil bodies in plants, bacteria and yeast. The above also provides the methodology to prepare such transgenic plants. Therefore one skilled in the art can readily modify the above in order to prepare fusion proteins containing any desired protein or polypeptide fused to an oil body protein in a variety of host systems. Several examples of other applications of the present invention are provided below.

[0195] a) Construction of an Oleosin/Single Chain Antibody Fusion Protein. As a further example of the invention, an antibody may be expressed in B. napus. Prior to the construction of an oleosin gene fusion, the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region for the antibody may be back-translated using a B. napus codon usage table derived from several known B. napus genes and ‘inside-out’ recursive PCR (Prodomou & Pearl, 1992, Protein Eng. 5: 827-829) and yielding a synthetic scFv gene.

[0196] Gene fusion between the oleosin gene and the antibody gene can be accomplished by joining the synthetic antibody gene to the 5′end of the oleosin gene in a plasmid using cloning strategies well known to a person skilled in the art and similar to those outlined in the subject application in e.g. examples 9 to 11. The insert from the plasmid may be cloned into the binary vector pCGN1559 and used to transform A. tumefaciens. Cotelydonary petioles of B. napus may be transformed with the recombinant binary vector as described in Moloney et al. (1989, Plant Cell Reports, 8: 238-242).

[0197] Oil body extracts from transgenic B. napus plants may analysed by Western blotting using an anti oleosin antibody for the presence of the fusion protein.

[0198] b) Combination of Two Oleosin Fusion Proteins to Release a Protein Product from Oil Bodies. Two different oil body protein fusions associated with oil bodies can be used as a means to obtain a final product. For example, a transgenic B. napus may be obtained which contains a gene that comprises the GUS enzyme fused to the 3′ coding sequence of oleosin separated by a collagenase protease recognition site. Oil bodies may be obtained from the seed of this plant. These oil bodies can be mixed with the oil bodies described above, which contains collagenase fused to oleosin. The collagenase activity of the oleosin/collagenase fusion protein oil bodies can release the GUS enzyme from the oleosin/GUS fusion proteins oil bodies. The GUS enzyme remains in the aqueous phase after removal of the oil bodies. No collagenase enzyme or contaminating oleosins will remain associated with the purified GUS enzyme illustrating the utility of the invention in obtaining easily purified proteins.

[0199] c) Expression of a Oleosin/Phytase fusion protein in B. napus. A microbial phytase from a Aspergillus may be isolated based on the published sequence (van Gorcom et al, European Patent Application 90202565.9, publication number 0 420 358 A1). This gene can be fused to the carboxy terminus of the oleosin protein using techniques described above and a collagenase recognition protease cleave site may be included to allow for separation of the phytase from the oil body if desired. The construct may contain, in the following order, the promoter region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene, the coding sequence of the oleosin protein including the intron, a collagenase cleavage site and the phytase gene followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. The construct can be inserted into the binary plasmid Bin 19 and the resultant plasmid introduced into Agrobacterium. The resulting strain can be used to transform B.napus. The seed of the transgenic plants will contain phytase activity. The phytase activity will be associated with the oil body fraction. The phytase activity is useful for the enhancement of meal for monogastric animal feed. The phytase may be purified by treatment with collagenase as described in a), or the transgenic seed may be used as a feed additive.

[0200] d) Expression of a Oleosin/Glucose isomerase. The enzyme glucose isomerase can be expressed as a oleosin fusion protein by joining the coding sequence for the enzyme, (for example, described by Wilhelm Hollenberg, 1985, Nucl. Acid. Res. 13:5717-5722) to the oleosin protein as described above. The construct may be used to transform B. napus.

[0201] e) Expression of a Oleosin/High Lysine Fusion Protein. In order to increase the lysine content of transgenic seeds, a polylysine oligonucleotide may be added to the 3′ coding region of the oleosin gene. For example, a repetitive oligonucleotide encoding a polylysine coding sequence can be made by synthesizing a (AAG)₂₀ oligonucleotide that is joined to the 3′ coding region of the oleosin gene by replacement of the hirudin coding sequence contained within pCBOGHIRT plasmid described above in example8 with the polylysine oligonucleotide through the use of cohesive restriction termini. The construct may contain, in the following order, the promoter region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene, the coding sequence of the oleosin protein including the intron, 20 codons for the amino acid lysine followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. The construct may be inserted into the binary plasmid Bin 19 and the resultant plasmid may be introduced into the Agrobacterium. The resulting strain can be used to transform B. napus.

[0202] f) Expression of an Fungicidal Protein as an Oleosin Fusion Protein. As a further example of the invention, a oleosin fusion protein may be constructed which encodes a protein that is toxic to fungi. For example, the gene for the enzyme chitinase isolated from tobacco (Melchers et al, 1994, Plant Journal 5:469-480) may be fused to the 3′ coding region of oleosin under the control of the native oleosin promoter. Included in this construct may be an oligonucleotide that encodes a collagenase recognition site located between the oleosin and chitinase coding regions. The expression of this construct will result in the production of a oleosin/chitinase fusion protein from which the chitinase enzyme can be released from the oleosin by treatment with collagenase. To this construct may be added a second chimeric gene capable of expression of a collagenase enzyme during seed germination. This second gene can comprise approximately 1.5 Kb of the 5′ promoter region for isocitrate lyase, the collagenase coding sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus (Takeuchi et al., 1992, Biochemical Journal, 281:703-708) and the nos terminator. Isocitrate lyase is a glyoxysomal enzyme expressed under transcriptional control during early stages of seed germination (Comai et al., 1989, The Plant Cell, 1:293-300). This second construct therefore will express collagenase during the germination of the seed and mobilization of the oil body reserves. Expression of isocitrate lyase is restricted to germination and is not expressed in developing seeds. This second gene, joined to the oleosin/chitinase gene can be inserted into the binary vector Bin 19. The resultant vector may be introduced into Agrobacterium and used to transform Brassica napus plants. It is noted that the two genes may also be introduced independently or in two different plants which are then combined through sexual crossing. Seed from transgenic plants would be collected and tested for resistance to fungi.

[0203] g) Expression of an Oleosin Fusion Protein that Provides Protection from Insect Predation. As a further example of the invention, a fusion oleosin protein may be constructed which encodes a protein toxic to foraging insects. For example, the gene for cowpea trypsin inhibitor (Hilder et al., 1987, Nature, 330:160-163) may be used to replace the chitinase gene described in e). The expression of this construct will result in the production of a oleosin/trypsin inhibitor fusion protein from which the trypsin inhibitor can be released from the oleosin by treatment with collagenase. By replacement of the chitinase gene in e) with the trypsin inhibitor, the construct also contains the collagenase gene under control of the germination specific promoter from the isocitrate lyase gene. This construct may be inserted into the binary vector Bin19. The resultant vector can be introduced into Agrobacterium and used to transform Brassica napus plants. Seed from transgenic plants were collected and tested for resistance to insect predation.

[0204] h) Expression of an Enzyme to Alter Secondary Metabolites in Seeds. In order to alter specific secondary metabolites in the seed, an enzyme encoding tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) can be expressed in the seed as a fusion to oleosin. This particular enzyme (DeLuca et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86:2582-2586), redirects tryptophan into tryptamine and causes a depletion of tryptophan derived glucosinolates. This lowers the amount of the antinutritional glucosinolates in the seed and provides a means to further reduce glucosinolate production in crucifer plant species. To accomplish this, a fusion protein may be constructed between the TDC gene and the oleosin coding region. The construct may contain, in the following order, the promoter region of the Arabidopsis oleosin gene, the coding sequence of the oleosin protein including the intron, the TDC gene followed by the nos terminator polyadenylation signal. The construct may be inserted into the binary plasmid Bin 19 and the resultant plasmid introduced into Agrobacterium. The resulting strain can be used to transform B. napus.

[0205] i) Expression of Heterologous Proteins in Mammalian Cells. The oil body protein—heterologous protein fusion may also be prepared in mammalian host cells. For example, an oleosin/GUS fusion may be inserted into a mammalian expression vector and introduced into mammalian cells as described below.

[0206] Expression of an oleosin/GUS fusion in mammalian cells would require the cloning of the GUS gene as described in example 17 in commercially available mammalian expression vectors. For example, mammalian expression vectors pMSG, pSVL SV40, pCH 110, (all available from Pharmacia code No. 27-4506-01, 27-4509-01 and 27-4508-1 respectively) may be used. The oleosin/GUS fusion gene may be fused in the plasmid. These plasmids can be introduced into mammalian cells using established protocols (See eg. Introduction of DNA into mammalian cells (1995) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al. (ed) Supplement 29, Section 9). Accumulation of the oleosin/GUS transcript in mammalian cells can be determined after preparation of mammalian cell RNA (See eg. Direct analysis of RNA after transfection (1995) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al. (ed) Supplement 29, Section 9.8), northern blotting, and hybridization of this northern blot to a ³²p labelled Brassica oleosin cDNA as described in Example 18. After preparation of a total protein extract from the transfected mammalian cell culture, GUS activity can be measured, demonstrating the accumulation of the oleosin/GUS protein. Alternatively, immunoblotting can be performed on this protein extract using commercially available GUS antibodies and/or oleosin antibodies.

[0207] While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred examples, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0208] All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. TABLE I Expression of Arabidopsis oleosin chimearic promoter constructs in transgenic Brassica napus. Promoter Expression of GUS Activity Construct (pmol/MU/mg protein/min) (GUS Early Seed Late Seed fusion) (torpedo) Root Leaf Stem (cotyledon) 2500  7709 444 47  88 11607 1200  1795 — — — 8980 800 475 — — — 7130 600 144 — — — 1365 200 65 260 6 26 11 control 14 300 6 30 14

[0209] Oleosin promoter-GUS fusions were constructed as described in example 3. Included are GUS values obtained from a control non-transformed plant. A (−) indicated the tissue was not tested. Units are picomoles of methyl umbelliferone (product) per mg protein per minute. TABLE II Expression of Arabidopsis oleosin chimearic promoter constructs in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Promoter Constructs GUS Activity in Seeds (GUS fusions) (pmol/MU/mg protein/min) 2500 11330  800 10970 Control 0

[0210] Oleosin promoter-GUS fusions were constructed as described in example 3. Included are GUS values obtained from a control non-transformed plant. Units are picomoles of methyl umbelliferone (product) per mg protein per minute. TABLE III Specific partitioning of GUS/oleosin fusions into oil bodies when expressed in transgenic Brassica napus plants. Percent GUS GUS GUS Activity GUS Activity Plant Activity in Oil Activity in 100,000 × g in 100,000 × Number Bodies (%) Oil bodies Supematant g Pellet A1 88 493 1 67 B7 90 243 5 22 control 0 0 0 0

[0211] Plants were transformed with an oleosin/GUS fusion protein under the control of the Arabidopsis oleosin promoter. Transformed seeds were obtained and fractionated. The initial fractionation consisted of grinding the seeds in 1.5 mL of buffer A consisting of 15 mM Tricine-KOH, pH 7.5, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM Mg Cl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM sucrose followed by centrifugation at 14,000×g for 15 minutes at 4° C. From this three fractions were obtained consisting of a floating oil body layer, an aqueous layer and a pellet. The oil body fraction was recovered and assayed for GUS activity. The remaining aqueous phase was further centrifuged for 2 hours at 100,000×g. The pellet and supernatant from this centrifugation was also tested for GUS activity. Units are nmol MU per mg protein per min. TABLE IV Cleavage of GUS enzyme from oleosin/GUS fusions associated with oil bodies derived from transgenic Brassica napus containing an oleosin/GUS fusion protein. GUS Activity (nmol product/mg protein/min Fraction Before Cleavage After Cleavage % Activity Oil bodies 113 26.4 24 100,000 × g supenatant 14.3 83.6 76 100,000 × g pellet 15.7 — —

[0212] Oil bodies containing an oleosin/GUS fusion protein were subjected to cleavage using the endopeptidase thrombin as described in example 5. Values shown are GUS activities before and after cleavage with thrombin. The values are also expressed as a percentage of total GUS activity released following enzyme fusion. Units are nmol methyl umbelliferone per mg protein/min. TABLE V Reuse of oil body associated enzymatic activities. # Times Oil Bodies % GUS Activity Washed Oil bodies Supernatant 1 100 8 ± 5 2 118 ± 7 5 ± 3 3 115 ± 8 3 ± 4 4 119 ± 8  1 ± 20

[0213] Oil bodies containing an oleosin/GUS protein were isolated from the seeds of transgenic Brassica napus. The oil bodies were added to the fluorometric GUS substrate MUG and allowed to react for one hour. The oil bodies were then recovered and added to a new tube containing the substrate and allowed to react for one hour again. This process was repeated a total of four times. The table illustrates the reusable activity of the GUS enzyme while still associated with the oil bodies. Values are normalized to 100% as the GUS activity of original oil body isolates. TABLE VI Recovery of active hirudin following synthesis of hirudin in plant seeds. Thrombin Antithrombin Units Units per mg Oil Treatment Per Assay Body Proteins Buffer only 0.143 0 Wild-type seed 0.146 0 Wild-type seed + 0.140 <0.001 factor Xa Transformed 0.140 <0.001 (uncut) Transformed + 0.0065 0.55 factor Xa

[0214] Oil bodies containing a hirudin/GUS fusion protein were isolated according to the method and treated with the endoprotease Factor Xa inhibition assay using N-p tosyl-gly-pro-arg-p-nitro anilide (Sigma). Hirudin activity was measured by the use of a thrombin in the method of Dodt et al (1984, FEBS Lett. 65, 180-183). Hirudin activity is expressed as thrombin units per assay in presence of 255 μg of oil body proteins, and also as antithrombin units per mg oil body protein. TABLE VII Expression of active oleosin/GUS fusions in E. coli. Plasmid Gus Activity pKK233-2 2.5 pKKoeloGUS 3.1 pKKoleoGUS 28.1 pkkGUS 118.2

[0215] As described in example 22, oleosin/GUS fusions were expressed in E. coli. Cells were grown, induced with ITPG and GUS activity measured. TABLE VIII GUS activity of total extracts of untransformed S. Cerevisiae strain 1788, transformed with M1830 and M1830oleoGUS Specific Activity S. Cerevisiae (pmol MU · min⁻¹ · strain 1788 μg prot⁻¹) untransformed 0.001 transformed with M1830 0.001 Transformed with M1830 41.3 OleosinGUS

[0216] TABLE IX Transient GUS activity as a result of bombardment with plasmids pSBS2037, pSBS2098 and pSBS2601. The percentage of oilbody targeting was calculated as follows: (GUS activity on oibodies)/(GUS activity on oilbodies + GUS activity in supernatant)) × 100%. As indicated in the text every experiment was done in duplicate. Activity nmol/l % targeting Plasmid protein MU produced in Activity minus to oil used produced cuvet control body Total extract no plasmid 72 — Total extract no plasmid 55 — Total extract 2037 oleosinGUS 394 294.5 Total extract 2037 oleosinGUS 457 357.5 Total extract 2098 GUS 1561 1461.5 Total extract 2098 GUS 1728 1628.5 Total extract 2061 caleosinGUS 217 117.5 Total extract 2061 caleosinGUS 170 70.5 supernatant no plasmid 58 — supernatant no plasmid 56 — supernatant 2037 oleosinGUS 66 9.0 supernatant 2037 oleosinGUS 65 8.0 supernatant 2098 GUS 799 742.0 supernatant 2098 GUS 1356 1299.0 supernatant 2061 caleosinGUS 61 4.0 supernatant 2061 caleosinGUS 64 7.0 oilbody no plasmid 50 — oilbody no plasmid 46 — oilbody 2037 oleosinGUS 203 145 94 oilbody 2037 oleosinGUS 244 186 96 oilbody 2098 GUS 94 36 5 oilbody 2098 GUS 103 45 3 oilbody 2061 caleosinGUS 98 40 91 oilbody 2061 caleosinGUS 102 44 86

[0217]

1 42 1 1800 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana CDS (868)..(1221) 1 ccatggctat acccaacctc ggtcttggtc acaccaggaa ctctctggta agctagctcc 60 actccccaga aacaaccggc gccaaattgc cggaattgct gacctgaaga cggaacatca 120 tcgtcgggtc cttgggcgat tgcggcggaa gatgggtcag cttgggcttg aggacgagac 180 ccgaatcgag tctgttgaaa ggttgttcat tgggatttgt atacggagat tggtcgtcga 240 gaggtttgag ggaaaggaca aatgggtttg gctctggaga aagagagtgc ggctttagag 300 agagaattga gaggtttaga gagagatgcg gcggcgatga cgggaggaga gacgacgagg 360 acctgcatta tcaaagcagt gacgtggtga aatttggaac ttttaagagg cagatagatt 420 tattatttgt atccattttc ttcattgttc tagaatgtcg cggaacaaat tttaaaacta 480 aatcctaaat ttttctaatt ttgttgccaa tagtggatat gtgggccgta tagaaggaat 540 ctattgaagg cccaaaccca tactgacgag cccaaaggtt cgttttgcgt tttatgtttc 600 ggttcgatgc caacgccaca ttctgagcta ggcaaaaaac aaacgtgtct ttgaatagac 660 tcctctcgtt aacacatgca gcggctgcat ggtgacgcca ttaacacgtg gcctacaatt 720 gcatgatgtc tccattgaca cgtgacttct cgtctccttt cttaatatat ctaacaaaca 780 ctcctacctc ttccaaaata tatacacatc tttttgatca atctctcatt caaaatctca 840 ttctctctag taaacaagaa caaaaaa atg gcg gat aca gct aga gga acc cat 894 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His 1 5 cac gat atc atc ggc aga gac cag tac ccg atg atg ggc cga gac cga 942 His Asp Ile Ile Gly Arg Asp Gln Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg 10 15 20 25 gac cag tac cag atg tcc gga cga gga tct gac tac tcc aag tct agg 990 Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met Ser Gly Arg Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg 30 35 40 cag att gct aaa gct gca act gct gtc aca gct ggt ggt tcc ctc ctt 1038 Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Thr Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu 45 50 55 gtt ctc tcc agc ctt acc ctt gtt gga act gtc ata gct ttg act gtt 1086 Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu Val Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val 60 65 70 gca aca cct ctg ctc gtt atc ttc agc cca atc ctt gtc ccg gct ctc 1134 Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu 75 80 85 atc aca gtt gca ctc ctc atc acc ggt ttt ctt tcc tct gga ggg ttt 1182 Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile Thr Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe 90 95 100 105 ggc att gcc gct ata acc gtt ttc tct tgg att tac aag taagcacaca 1231 Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 110 115 tttatcatct tacttcataa ttttgtgcaa tatgtgcatg catgtgttga gccagtagct 1291 ttggatcaat ttttttggtc gaataacaaa tgtaacaata agaaattgca aattctaggg 1351 aacatttggt taactaaata cgaaatttga cctagctagc ttgaatgtgt ctgtgtatat 1411 catctatata ggtaaaatgc ttggtatgat acctattgat tgtgaatagg tac gca 1467 Tyr Ala 120 acg gga gag cac cca cag gga tca gac aag ttg gac agt gca agg atg 1515 Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala Arg Met 125 130 135 aag ttg gga agc aaa gct cag gat ctg aaa gac aga gct cag tac tac 1563 Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala Gln Asp Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln Tyr Tyr 140 145 150 gga cag caa cat act ggt ggg gaa cat gac cgt gac cgt act cgt ggt 1611 Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr Arg Gly 155 160 165 ggc cag cac act act taa gttaccccac tgatgtcatc gtcatagtcc 1659 Gly Gln His Thr Thr 170 aataactcca atgtcgggga gttagtttat gaggaataaa gtgtttagaa tttgatcagg 1719 gggagataat aaaagccgag tttgaatctt tttgttataa gtaatgttta tgtgtgtttc 1779 tatatgttgt caaatggtac c 1800 2 118 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 2 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His His Asp Ile Ile Gly Arg Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met Ser Gly 20 25 30 Arg Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Thr 35 40 45 Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu 50 55 60 Val Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile 65 70 75 80 Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile 85 90 95 Thr Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val 100 105 110 Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 115 3 55 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 3 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala Gln Asp Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr 35 40 45 Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr 50 55 4 564 DNA Brassica napus CDS (1)..(561) 4 atg gcg gat aca gct aga acc cat cac gat gtc aca agt cga gat cag 48 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Thr His His Asp Val Thr Ser Arg Asp Gln 1 5 10 15 tat ccc cga gac cga gac cag tat tct atg atc ggt cga gac cgt gac 96 Tyr Pro Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Ser Met Ile Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp 20 25 30 cag tac tct atg atg ggc cga gac cga gac cag tac aac atg tat ggt 144 Gln Tyr Ser Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Asn Met Tyr Gly 35 40 45 cga gac tac tcc aag tct aga cag att gct aag gct gtt acc gca gtc 192 Arg Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Val Thr Ala Val 50 55 60 acg gcg ggt ggg tcc ctc ctt gtc ctc tcc agt ctc acc ctt gtt ggt 240 Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu Val Gly 65 70 75 80 act gtc att gct ttg act gtt gcc act cca ctc ctc gtt atc ttt agc 288 Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile Phe Ser 85 90 95 cca atc ctc gtg ccg gct ctc atc acc gta gca ctt ctc atc act ggc 336 Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile Thr Gly 100 105 110 ttt ctc tcc tct ggt ggg ttt gcc att gca gct ata acc gtc ttc tcc 384 Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Ala Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Phe Ser 115 120 125 tgg atc tat aag tac gca acg gga gag cac cca cag ggg tca gat aag 432 Trp Ile Tyr Lys Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys 130 135 140 ttg gac agt gca agg atg aag ctg gga acc aaa gct cag gat att aaa 480 Leu Asp Ser Ala Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Ile Lys 145 150 155 160 gac aga gct caa tac tac gga cag caa cat aca ggt ggt gag cat gac 528 Asp Arg Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp 165 170 175 cgt gac cgt act cgt ggt ggc cag cac act act taa 564 Arg Asp Arg Thr Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr 180 185 5 187 PRT Brassica napus 5 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Thr His His Asp Val Thr Ser Arg Asp Gln 1 5 10 15 Tyr Pro Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Ser Met Ile Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp 20 25 30 Gln Tyr Ser Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Asn Met Tyr Gly 35 40 45 Arg Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Val Thr Ala Val 50 55 60 Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu Val Gly 65 70 75 80 Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile Phe Ser 85 90 95 Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile Thr Gly 100 105 110 Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Ala Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Phe Ser 115 120 125 Trp Ile Tyr Lys Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys 130 135 140 Leu Asp Ser Ala Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Ile Lys 145 150 155 160 Asp Arg Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp 165 170 175 Arg Asp Arg Thr Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr 180 185 6 2733 DNA Artificial Sequence Oleosin-Chymosin Fusion 6 ataagcttgc atgcctgcgg aactctctgg taagctagct ccactcccca gaaacaaccg 60 gcgccaaatt gccggaattg ctgacctgaa gacggaacat catcgtcggg tccttgggcg 120 attgcggcgg aagatgggtc agcttgggct tgaggacgag acccgaatcg agtctgttga 180 aaggttgttc attgggattt gtatacggag attggtcgtc gagaggtttg agggaaagga 240 caaatgggtt tggctctgga gaaagagagt gcggctttag agagagaatt gagaggttta 300 gagagagatg cggcggcgat gacgggagga gagacgacga ggacctgcat tatcaaagca 360 gtgacgtggt gaaatttgga acttttaaga ggcagataga tttattattt gtatccattt 420 tcttcattgt tctagaatgt cgcggaacaa attttaaaac taaatcctaa atttttctaa 480 ttttgttgcc aatagtggat atgtgggccg tatagaagga atctattgaa ggcccaaacc 540 catactgacg agcccaaagg ttcgttttgc gttttatgtt tcggttcgat gccaacgcca 600 cattctgagc taggcaaaaa acaaacgtgt ctttgaatag actcctctcg ttaacacatg 660 cagcggctgc atggtgacgc cattaacacg tggcctacaa ttgcatgatg tctccattga 720 cacgtgactt ctcgtctcct ttcttaatat atctaacaaa cactcctacc tcttccaaaa 780 tatatacaca tctttttgat caatctctca ttcaaaatct cattctctct agtaaacaag 840 aacaaaaaa atg gcg gat aca gct aga gga acc cat cac gat atc atc ggc 891 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His His Asp Ile Ile Gly 1 5 10 aga gac cag tac ccg atg atg ggc cga gac cga gac cag tac cag atg 939 Arg Asp Gln Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met 15 20 25 30 tcc gga cga gga tct gac tac tcc aag tct agg cag att gct aaa gct 987 Ser Gly Arg Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala 35 40 45 gca act gct gtc aca gct ggt ggt tcc ctc ctt gtt ctc tcc agc ctt 1035 Ala Thr Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu 50 55 60 acc ctt gtt gga act gtc ata gct ttg act gtt gca aca cct ctg ctc 1083 Thr Leu Val Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu 65 70 75 gtt atc ttc agc cca atc ctt gtc ccg gct ctc atc aca gtt gca ctc 1131 Val Ile Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu 80 85 90 ctc atc acc ggt ttt ctt tcc tct gga ggg ttt ggc att gcc gct ata 1179 Leu Ile Thr Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile 95 100 105 110 acc gtt ttc tct tgg att tac aag taagcacaca tttatcatct tacttcataa 1233 Thr Val Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 115 ttttgtgcaa tatgtgcatg catgtgttga gccagtagct ttggatcaat ttttttggtc 1293 gaataacaaa tgtaacaata agaaattgca aattctaggg aacatttggt taactaaata 1353 cgaaatttga cctagctagc ttgaatgtgt ctgtgtatat catctatata ggtaaaatgc 1413 ttggtatgat acctattgat tgtgaatagg tac gca acg gga gag cac cca cag 1467 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln 120 125 gga tca gac aag ttg gac agt gca agg atg aag ttg gga agc aaa gct 1515 Gly Ser Asp Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala 130 135 140 cag gat ctg aaa gac aga gct cag tac tac gga cag caa cat act ggt 1563 Gln Asp Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly 145 150 155 ggg gaa cat gac cgt gac cgt act cgt ggt ggc cag cac act act ctc 1611 Gly Glu His Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr Leu 160 165 170 gtt cca cga gga tcc atg gct gag atc acc agg atc cct ctg tac aaa 1659 Val Pro Arg Gly Ser Met Ala Glu Ile Thr Arg Ile Pro Leu Tyr Lys 175 180 185 190 ggc aag tct ctg agg aag gcg ctg aag gag cat ggg ctt ctg gag gac 1707 Gly Lys Ser Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu Lys Glu His Gly Leu Leu Glu Asp 195 200 205 ttc ctg cag aaa cag cag tat ggc atc agc agc aag tac tcc ggc ttc 1755 Phe Leu Gln Lys Gln Gln Tyr Gly Ile Ser Ser Lys Tyr Ser Gly Phe 210 215 220 ggg gag gtg gcc agc gtg ccc ctg acc aac tac ctg gat agt cag tac 1803 Gly Glu Val Ala Ser Val Pro Leu Thr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Ser Gln Tyr 225 230 235 ttt ggg aag atc tac ctc ggg acc ccg ccc cag gag ttc acc gtg ctg 1851 Phe Gly Lys Ile Tyr Leu Gly Thr Pro Pro Gln Glu Phe Thr Val Leu 240 245 250 ttt gac act ggc tcc tct gac ttc tgg gta ccc tct atc tac tgc aag 1899 Phe Asp Thr Gly Ser Ser Asp Phe Trp Val Pro Ser Ile Tyr Cys Lys 255 260 265 270 agc aat gcc tgc aaa aac cac cag cgc ttc gac ccg aga aag tcg tcc 1947 Ser Asn Ala Cys Lys Asn His Gln Arg Phe Asp Pro Arg Lys Ser Ser 275 280 285 acc ttc cag aac ctg ggc aag ccc ctg tct atc cac tac ggg aca ggc 1995 Thr Phe Gln Asn Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Ser Ile His Tyr Gly Thr Gly 290 295 300 agc atg cag ggc atc ctg ggc tat gac acc gtc act gtc tcc aac att 2043 Ser Met Gln Gly Ile Leu Gly Tyr Asp Thr Val Thr Val Ser Asn Ile 305 310 315 gtg gac atc cag cag aca gta ggc ctg agc acc cag gag ccc ggg gac 2091 Val Asp Ile Gln Gln Thr Val Gly Leu Ser Thr Gln Glu Pro Gly Asp 320 325 330 gtc ttc acc tat gcc gaa ttc gac ggg atc ctg ggg atg gcc tac ccc 2139 Val Phe Thr Tyr Ala Glu Phe Asp Gly Ile Leu Gly Met Ala Tyr Pro 335 340 345 350 tcg ctc gcc tca gag tac tcg ata ccc gtg ttt gac aac atg atg aac 2187 Ser Leu Ala Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ile Pro Val Phe Asp Asn Met Met Asn 355 360 365 agg cac ctg gtg gcc caa gac ctg ttc tcg gtt tac atg gac agg aat 2235 Arg His Leu Val Ala Gln Asp Leu Phe Ser Val Tyr Met Asp Arg Asn 370 375 380 ggc cag gag agc atg ctc acg ctg ggg gcc atc gac ccg tcc tac tac 2283 Gly Gln Glu Ser Met Leu Thr Leu Gly Ala Ile Asp Pro Ser Tyr Tyr 385 390 395 aca ggg tcc ctg cac tgg gtg ccc gtg aca gtg cag cag tac tgg cag 2331 Thr Gly Ser Leu His Trp Val Pro Val Thr Val Gln Gln Tyr Trp Gln 400 405 410 ttc act gtg gac agt gtc acc atc agc ggt gtg gtt gtg gcc tgt gag 2379 Phe Thr Val Asp Ser Val Thr Ile Ser Gly Val Val Val Ala Cys Glu 415 420 425 430 ggt ggc tgt cag gcc atc ttg gac acg ggc acc tcc aag ctg gtc ggg 2427 Gly Gly Cys Gln Ala Ile Leu Asp Thr Gly Thr Ser Lys Leu Val Gly 435 440 445 ccc agc agc gac atc ctc aac atc cag cag gcc att gga gcc aca cag 2475 Pro Ser Ser Asp Ile Leu Asn Ile Gln Gln Ala Ile Gly Ala Thr Gln 450 455 460 aac cag tac ggt gag ttt gac atc gac tgc gac aac ctg agc tac atg 2523 Asn Gln Tyr Gly Glu Phe Asp Ile Asp Cys Asp Asn Leu Ser Tyr Met 465 470 475 ccc act gtg gtc ttt gag atc aat ggc aaa atg tac cca ctg acc ccc 2571 Pro Thr Val Val Phe Glu Ile Asn Gly Lys Met Tyr Pro Leu Thr Pro 480 485 490 tcc gcc tat acc agc caa gac cag ggc ttc tgt acc agt ggc ttc cag 2619 Ser Ala Tyr Thr Ser Gln Asp Gln Gly Phe Cys Thr Ser Gly Phe Gln 495 500 505 510 agt gaa aat cat tcc cag aaa tgg atc ctg ggg gat gtt ttc atc cga 2667 Ser Glu Asn His Ser Gln Lys Trp Ile Leu Gly Asp Val Phe Ile Arg 515 520 525 gag tat tac agc gtc ttt gac agg gcc aac aac ctc gtg ggg ctg gcc 2715 Glu Tyr Tyr Ser Val Phe Asp Arg Ala Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Leu Ala 530 535 540 aaa gcc atc tga aagctt 2733 Lys Ala Ile 545 7 118 PRT Artificial Sequence Oleosin-Chymosin Fusion 7 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His His Asp Ile Ile Gly Arg Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met Ser Gly 20 25 30 Arg Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Thr 35 40 45 Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu 50 55 60 Val Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile 65 70 75 80 Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile 85 90 95 Thr Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val 100 105 110 Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 115 8 427 PRT Artificial Sequence Oleosin-Chymosin Fusion 8 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala Gln Asp Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr 35 40 45 Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Arg Gly Ser Met Ala Glu 50 55 60 Ile Thr Arg Ile Pro Leu Tyr Lys Gly Lys Ser Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu 65 70 75 80 Lys Glu His Gly Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Leu Gln Lys Gln Gln Tyr Gly 85 90 95 Ile Ser Ser Lys Tyr Ser Gly Phe Gly Glu Val Ala Ser Val Pro Leu 100 105 110 Thr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Ser Gln Tyr Phe Gly Lys Ile Tyr Leu Gly Thr 115 120 125 Pro Pro Gln Glu Phe Thr Val Leu Phe Asp Thr Gly Ser Ser Asp Phe 130 135 140 Trp Val Pro Ser Ile Tyr Cys Lys Ser Asn Ala Cys Lys Asn His Gln 145 150 155 160 Arg Phe Asp Pro Arg Lys Ser Ser Thr Phe Gln Asn Leu Gly Lys Pro 165 170 175 Leu Ser Ile His Tyr Gly Thr Gly Ser Met Gln Gly Ile Leu Gly Tyr 180 185 190 Asp Thr Val Thr Val Ser Asn Ile Val Asp Ile Gln Gln Thr Val Gly 195 200 205 Leu Ser Thr Gln Glu Pro Gly Asp Val Phe Thr Tyr Ala Glu Phe Asp 210 215 220 Gly Ile Leu Gly Met Ala Tyr Pro Ser Leu Ala Ser Glu Tyr Ser Ile 225 230 235 240 Pro Val Phe Asp Asn Met Met Asn Arg His Leu Val Ala Gln Asp Leu 245 250 255 Phe Ser Val Tyr Met Asp Arg Asn Gly Gln Glu Ser Met Leu Thr Leu 260 265 270 Gly Ala Ile Asp Pro Ser Tyr Tyr Thr Gly Ser Leu His Trp Val Pro 275 280 285 Val Thr Val Gln Gln Tyr Trp Gln Phe Thr Val Asp Ser Val Thr Ile 290 295 300 Ser Gly Val Val Val Ala Cys Glu Gly Gly Cys Gln Ala Ile Leu Asp 305 310 315 320 Thr Gly Thr Ser Lys Leu Val Gly Pro Ser Ser Asp Ile Leu Asn Ile 325 330 335 Gln Gln Ala Ile Gly Ala Thr Gln Asn Gln Tyr Gly Glu Phe Asp Ile 340 345 350 Asp Cys Asp Asn Leu Ser Tyr Met Pro Thr Val Val Phe Glu Ile Asn 355 360 365 Gly Lys Met Tyr Pro Leu Thr Pro Ser Ala Tyr Thr Ser Gln Asp Gln 370 375 380 Gly Phe Cys Thr Ser Gly Phe Gln Ser Glu Asn His Ser Gln Lys Trp 385 390 395 400 Ile Leu Gly Asp Val Phe Ile Arg Glu Tyr Tyr Ser Val Phe Asp Arg 405 410 415 Ala Asn Asn Leu Val Gly Leu Ala Lys Ala Ile 420 425 9 5 PRT Artificial Sequence Thrombin Cleavage Site 9 Leu Val Pro Arg Gly 1 5 10 4 PRT Artificial Sequence Factor Xa Cleavage Site 10 Phe Glu Gly Arg 1 11 4 PRT Artificial Sequence Collagenase Cleavage Site 11 Pro Leu Gly Pro 1 12 7 PRT Artificial Sequence TEV Protease 12 Glu Asn Leu Tyr Phe Gln Gly 1 5 13 14 DNA Artificial Sequence Carrot 13 tctcaacaat ggca 14 14 14 DNA Artificial Sequence Maize 14 cggcagcaat ggcg 14 15 22 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR1O 5′ Primer 15 cactgcagga actctctggt aa 22 16 31 DNA Artificial Sequence ALP1 Primer 16 ctacccggga tcctgtttac tagagagaat g 31 17 62 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR01 Primer 17 aatcccatgg atcctcgtgg aacgagagta gtgtgctggc caccacgagt acggtcacgg 60 tc 62 18 24 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR10 3′ Primer 18 cactgcagga actctctggt aagc 24 19 29 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR20 Primer 19 gaggatccat ggtacgtcct gtagaaacc 29 20 17 DNA Artificial Sequence Primer GVR20 20 gtaaaacgac ggccagt 17 21 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptide 21 Leu Val Pro Arg Gly Ser 1 5 22 9 PRT Artificial Sequence IL-1-B Peptide 22 Val Gln Gly Glu Glu Ser Asn Asp Lys 1 5 23 28 DNA Artificial Sequence OleoPromK Primer 23 cgcggtacca tggctatacc caacctcg 28 24 28 DNA Artificial Sequence 3′ Primer 24 cgcatcgatg ttcttgttta ctagagag 28 25 36 DNA Artificial Sequence 5′-GUS-Cla Primer 25 gccatcgatc atatgttacg tcctgtagaa acccca 36 26 37 DNA Artificial Sequence 3′-GUS-FX-Bam Primer 26 cgcggatcct cttccttcga tttgtttgcc tccctgc 37 27 27 DNA Artificial Sequence 5′-Bam-Oleo 27 cgcggatcca tggcggatac agctaga 27 28 36 DNA Artificial Sequence 3′-Oleo-Xba 28 tgctctagac gatgacatca gtggggtaac ttaagt 36 29 6 PRT Artificial Sequence Spacer 29 Leu Val Pro Arg Gly Ser 1 5 30 31 DNA Artificial Sequence Primer 30 atctctagaa ttcaactact cttgctcaaa g 31 31 29 DNA Artificial Sequence Primer 31 gggttgctcg agatttctaa tcaatttat 29 32 22 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR979 Primer 32 taccatgggg tcaaagacgg ag 22 33 28 DNA Artificial Sequence GVR980 Primer 33 atccatggcg tagtatgctg tcttgtct 28 34 748 DNA Arabidopsis caleosin 34 taccatgggg tcaaagacgg agatgatgga gagagacgca atggctacgg tggctcccta 60 tgcgccggtc acttaccatc gccgtgctcg tgttgacttg gatgatagac ttcctaaacc 120 ttatatgcca agagcattgc aagcaccaga cagagaacac ccgtacggaa ctccaggcca 180 taagaattac ggacttagtg ttcttcaaca gcatgtctcc ttcttcgata tcgatgataa 240 tggcatcatt tacccttggg agacctactc tggactgcga atgcttggtt tcaatatcat 300 tgggtcgctt ataatagccg ctgttatcaa cctgaccctt agctatgcca ctcttccggg 360 gtggttacct tcacctttct tccctatata catacacaac atacacaagt caaagcatgg 420 aagtgattca aaaacatatg acaatgaagg aaggtttatg ccggtgaatc ttgagttgat 480 atttagcaaa tatgcgaaaa ccttgccaga caagttgagt cttggagaac tatgggagat 540 gacagaagga aaccgtgacg cttgggacat ttttggatgg atcgcaggca aaatagagtg 600 gggactgttg tacttgctag caagggatga agaagggttt ttgtcaaaag aagctattag 660 gcggtgtttc gatggaagct tgttcgagta ctgtgccaaa atctacgctg gtatcagtga 720 agacaagaca gcatactacg ccatggat 748 35 738 DNA Arabidopsis caleosin 35 atggggtcaa agacggagat gatggagaga gacgcaatgg ctacggtggc tccctatgcg 60 ccggtcactt accaccgccg tgctcgtgtt gacttggatg atagacttcc taaaccttat 120 atgccaagag cattgcaagc accagacaga gaacacccgt acggaactcc aggccataag 180 aattacggac ttagtgttct tcaacagcat gtctccttct tcgatatcga tgataatggc 240 atcatttacc cttgggagac ctactctgga ctgcgaatgc ttggtttcaa tatcattggg 300 tcgcttataa tagccgctgt tatcaacctg acccttagct atgccactct tccggggtgg 360 ttaccttcac ctttcttccc tatatacata cacaacatac acaagtcaaa gcatggaagt 420 gattcaaaaa catatgacaa tgaaggaagg tttatgccgg tgaatcttga gttgatattt 480 agcaaatatg cgaaaacctt gccagacaag ttgagtcttg gagaactatg ggagatgaca 540 gaaggaaacc gtgacgcttg ggacattttt ggatggatcg caggcaaaat agagtgggga 600 ctgttgtact tgctagcaag ggatgaagaa gggtttttgt caaaagaagc tattaggcgg 660 tgtttcgatg gaagcttgtt cgagtactgt gccaaaatct acgctggtat cagtgaagac 720 aagacagcat actactaa 738 36 4652 DNA Artificial Sequence Phas-GUS-phas 36 gaattcattg tactcccagt atcattatag tgaaagtttt ggctctctcg ccggtggttt 60 tttacctcta tttaaagggg ttttccacct aaaaattctg gtatcattct cactttactt 120 gttactttaa tttctcataa tctttggttg aaattatcac gcttccgcac acgatatccc 180 tacaaattta ttatttgtta aacattttca aaccgcataa aattttatga agtcccgtct 240 atctttaatg tagtctaaca ttttcatatt gaaatatata atttacttaa ttttagcgtt 300 ggtagaaagc ataaagattt attcttattc ttcttcatat aaatgtttaa tatacaatat 360 aaacaaattc tttaccttaa gaaggatttc ccattttata ttttaaaaat atatttatca 420 aatatttttc aaccacgtaa atctcataat aataagttgt ttcaaaagta ataaaattta 480 actccataat ttttttattc gactgatctt aaagcaacac ccagtgacac aactagccat 540 ttttttcttt gaataaaaaa atccaattat cattgtattt tttttataca atgaaaattt 600 caccaaacaa tcatttgtgg tatttctgaa gcaagtcatg ttatgcaaaa ttctataatt 660 cccatttgac actacggaag taactgaaga tctgctttta catgcgagac acatcttcta 720 aagtaatttt aataatagtt actatattca agatttcata tatcaaatac tcaatattac 780 ttctaaaaaa ttaattagat ataattaaaa tattactttt ttaattttaa gtttaattgt 840 tgaatttgtg actattgatt tattattcta ctatgtttaa attgttttat agatagttta 900 aagtaaatat aagtaatgta gtagagtgtt agagtgttac cctaaaccat aaactataac 960 atttatggtg gactaatttt catatatttc ttattgcttt taccttttct tggtatgtaa 1020 gtccgtaact agaattacag tgggttgcca tgacactctg tggtcttttg gttcatgcat 1080 gggtcttgcg caagaaaaag acaaagaaca aagaaaaaag acaaaacaga gagacaaaac 1140 gcaatcacac aaccaactca aattagtcac tggctgatca agatcgccgc gtccatgtat 1200 gtctaaatgc catgcaaagc aacacgtgct taacatgcac tttaaatggc tcacccatct 1260 caacccacac acaaacacat tgcctttttc ttcatcatca ccacaaccac ctgtatatat 1320 tcattctctt ccgccacctc aatttcttca cttcaacaca cgtcaacctg catatgcgtg 1380 tcatcccatg cccaaatctc catgcatgtt ccaaccacct tctctcttat ataataccta 1440 taaatacctc taatatcact cacttctttc atcatccatc catccagagt actactactc 1500 tactactata ataccccaac ccaactcata ttcaatacta ctctacc atg gtc tta 1556 Met Val Leu 1 cgt cct gta gaa acc cca acc cgt gaa atc aaa aaa ctc gac ggc ctg 1604 Arg Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Thr Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu 5 10 15 tgg gca ttc agt ctg gat cgc gaa aac tgt gga att gat cag cgt tgg 1652 Trp Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg Glu Asn Cys Gly Ile Asp Gln Arg Trp 20 25 30 35 tgg gaa agc gcg tta caa gaa agc cgg gca att gct gtg cca ggc agt 1700 Trp Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln Glu Ser Arg Ala Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Ser 40 45 50 ttt aac gat cag ttc gcc gat gca gat att cgt aat tat gcg ggc aac 1748 Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Asn Tyr Ala Gly Asn 55 60 65 gtc tgg tat cag cgc gaa gtc ttt ata ccg aaa ggt tgg gca ggc cag 1796 Val Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ala Gly Gln 70 75 80 cgt atc gtg ctg cgt ttc gat gcg gtc act cat tac ggc aaa gtg tgg 1844 Arg Ile Val Leu Arg Phe Asp Ala Val Thr His Tyr Gly Lys Val Trp 85 90 95 gtc aat aat cag gaa gtg atg gag cat cag ggc ggc tat acg cca ttt 1892 Val Asn Asn Gln Glu Val Met Glu His Gln Gly Gly Tyr Thr Pro Phe 100 105 110 115 gaa gcc gat gtc acg ccg tat gtt att gcc ggg aaa agt gta cgt atc 1940 Glu Ala Asp Val Thr Pro Tyr Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Ser Val Arg Ile 120 125 130 acc gtt tgt gtg aac aac gaa ctg aac tgg cag act atc ccg ccg gga 1988 Thr Val Cys Val Asn Asn Glu Leu Asn Trp Gln Thr Ile Pro Pro Gly 135 140 145 atg gtg att acc gac gaa aac ggc aag aaa aag cag tct tac ttc cat 2036 Met Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Asn Gly Lys Lys Lys Gln Ser Tyr Phe His 150 155 160 gat ttc ttt aac tat gcc gga atc cat cgc agc gta atg ctc tac acc 2084 Asp Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala Gly Ile His Arg Ser Val Met Leu Tyr Thr 165 170 175 acg ccg aac acc tgg gtg gac gat atc acc gtg gtg acg cat gtc gcg 2132 Thr Pro Asn Thr Trp Val Asp Asp Ile Thr Val Val Thr His Val Ala 180 185 190 195 caa gac tgt aac cac gcg tct gtt gac tgg cag gtg gtg gcc aat ggt 2180 Gln Asp Cys Asn His Ala Ser Val Asp Trp Gln Val Val Ala Asn Gly 200 205 210 gat gtc agc gtt gaa ctg cgt gat gcg gat caa cag gtg gtt gca act 2228 Asp Val Ser Val Glu Leu Arg Asp Ala Asp Gln Gln Val Val Ala Thr 215 220 225 gga caa ggc act agc ggg act ttg caa gtg gtg aat ccg cac ctc tgg 2276 Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Leu Gln Val Val Asn Pro His Leu Trp 230 235 240 caa ccg ggt gaa ggt tat ctc tat gaa ctg tgc gtc aca gcc aaa agc 2324 Gln Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Leu Cys Val Thr Ala Lys Ser 245 250 255 cag aca gag tgt gat atc tac ccg ctt cgc gtc ggc atc cgg tca gtg 2372 Gln Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile Tyr Pro Leu Arg Val Gly Ile Arg Ser Val 260 265 270 275 gca gtg aag ggc caa cag ttc ctg att aac cac aaa ccg ttc tac ttt 2420 Ala Val Lys Gly Gln Gln Phe Leu Ile Asn His Lys Pro Phe Tyr Phe 280 285 290 act ggc ttt ggt cgt cat gaa gat gcg gac tta cgt ggc aaa gga ttc 2468 Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg His Glu Asp Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Lys Gly Phe 295 300 305 gat aac gtg ctg atg gtg cac gac cac gca tta atg gac tgg att ggg 2516 Asp Asn Val Leu Met Val His Asp His Ala Leu Met Asp Trp Ile Gly 310 315 320 gcc aac tcc tac cgt acc tcg cat tac cct tac gct gaa gag atg ctc 2564 Ala Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser His Tyr Pro Tyr Ala Glu Glu Met Leu 325 330 335 gac tgg gca gat gaa cat ggc atc gtg gtg att gat gaa act gct gct 2612 Asp Trp Ala Asp Glu His Gly Ile Val Val Ile Asp Glu Thr Ala Ala 340 345 350 355 gtc ggc ttt tcg ctc tct tta ggc att ggt ttc gaa gcg ggc aac aag 2660 Val Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Gly Phe Glu Ala Gly Asn Lys 360 365 370 ccg aaa gaa ctg tac agc gaa gag gca gtc aac ggg gaa act cag caa 2708 Pro Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ala Val Asn Gly Glu Thr Gln Gln 375 380 385 gcg cac tta cag gcg att aaa gag ctg ata gcg cgt gac aaa aac cac 2756 Ala His Leu Gln Ala Ile Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Arg Asp Lys Asn His 390 395 400 cca agc gtg gtg atg tgg agt att gcc aac gaa ccg gat acc cgt ccg 2804 Pro Ser Val Val Met Trp Ser Ile Ala Asn Glu Pro Asp Thr Arg Pro 405 410 415 caa ggt gca cgg gaa tat ttc gcg cca ctg gcg gaa gca acg cgt aaa 2852 Gln Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr Phe Ala Pro Leu Ala Glu Ala Thr Arg Lys 420 425 430 435 ctc gac ccg acg cgt ccg atc acc tgc gtc aat gta atg ttc tgc gac 2900 Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro Ile Thr Cys Val Asn Val Met Phe Cys Asp 440 445 450 gct cac acc gat acc atc agc gat ctc ttt gat gtg ctg tgc ctg aac 2948 Ala His Thr Asp Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Phe Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Asn 455 460 465 cgt tat tac gga tgg tat gtc caa agc ggc gat ttg gaa acg gca gag 2996 Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr Val Gln Ser Gly Asp Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu 470 475 480 aag gta ctg gaa aaa gaa ctt ctg gcc tgg cag gag aaa ctg cat cag 3044 Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Glu Leu Leu Ala Trp Gln Glu Lys Leu His Gln 485 490 495 ccg att atc atc acc gaa tac ggc gtg gat acg tta gcc ggg ctg cac 3092 Pro Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu Tyr Gly Val Asp Thr Leu Ala Gly Leu His 500 505 510 515 tca atg tac acc gac atg tgg agt gaa gag tat cag tgt gca tgg ctg 3140 Ser Met Tyr Thr Asp Met Trp Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Cys Ala Trp Leu 520 525 530 gat atg tat cac cgc gtc ttt gat cgc gtc agc gcc gtc gtc ggt gaa 3188 Asp Met Tyr His Arg Val Phe Asp Arg Val Ser Ala Val Val Gly Glu 535 540 545 cag gta tgg aat ttc gcc gat ttt gcg acc tcg caa ggc ata ttg cgc 3236 Gln Val Trp Asn Phe Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Ser Gln Gly Ile Leu Arg 550 555 560 gtt ggc ggt aac aag aaa ggg atc ttc act cgc gac cgc aaa ccg aag 3284 Val Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys Gly Ile Phe Thr Arg Asp Arg Lys Pro Lys 565 570 575 tcg gcg gct ttt ctg ctg caa aaa cgc tgg act ggc atg aac ttc ggt 3332 Ser Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu Gln Lys Arg Trp Thr Gly Met Asn Phe Gly 580 585 590 595 gaa aaa ccg cag cag gga ggc aaa caa tgaatcaaca actctcctgg 3379 Glu Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly Gly Lys Gln 600 cgcaccatcg tcggctacag cctcggtgga attcgatatc aagcttaaat aagtatgaac 3439 taaaatgcat gtaggtgtaa gagctcatgg agagcatgga atattgtatc cgaccatgta 3499 acagtataat aactgagctc catctcactt cttctatgaa taaacaaagg atgttatgat 3559 atattaacac tctatctatg caccttattg ttctatgata aatttcctct tattattata 3619 aatcatctga atcgtgacgg cttatggaat gcttcaaata gtacaaaaac aaatgtgtac 3679 tataagactt tctaaacaat tctaacttta gcattgtgaa cgagacataa gtgttaagaa 3739 gacataacaa ttataatgga agaagtttgt ctccatttat atattatata ttacccactt 3799 atgtattata ttaggatgtt aaggagacat aacaattata aagagagaag tttgtatcca 3859 tttatatatt atatactacc catttatata ttatacttat ccacttattt aatgtcttta 3919 taaggtttga tccatgatat ttctaatatt ttagttgata tgtatatgaa agggtactat 3979 ttgaactctc ttactctgta taaaggttgg atcatcctta aagtgggtct atttaatttt 4039 attgcttctt acagataaaa aaaaaattat gagttggttt gataaaatat tgaaggattt 4099 aaaataataa taaataataa ataacatata atatatgtat ataaatttat tataatataa 4159 catttatcta taaaaaagta aatattgtca taaatctata caatcgttta gccttgctgg 4219 acgactctca attatttaaa cgagagtaaa catatttgac tttttggtta tttaacaaat 4279 tattatttaa cactatatga aatttttttt ttttatcggc aaggaaataa aattaaatta 4339 ggagggacaa tggtgtgtcc caatccttat acaaccaact tccacaggaa ggtcaggtcg 4399 gggacaacaa aaaaacaggc aagggaaatt ttttaatttg ggttgtcttg tttgctgcat 4459 aatttatgca gtaaaacact acacataacc cttttagcag tagagcaatg gttgaccgtg 4519 tgcttagctt cttttatttt atttttttat cagcaaagaa taaataaaat aaaatgagac 4579 acttcaggga tgtttcaacc cttatacaaa accccaaaaa caagtttcct agcaccctac 4639 caactaaggt acc 4652 37 604 PRT Artificial Sequence Phas-GUS-phas 37 Met Val Leu Arg Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Thr Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp Gly Leu Trp Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg Glu Asn Cys Gly Ile Asp 20 25 30 Gln Arg Trp Trp Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln Glu Ser Arg Ala Ile Ala Val 35 40 45 Pro Gly Ser Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Asn Tyr 50 55 60 Ala Gly Asn Val Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp 65 70 75 80 Ala Gly Gln Arg Ile Val Leu Arg Phe Asp Ala Val Thr His Tyr Gly 85 90 95 Lys Val Trp Val Asn Asn Gln Glu Val Met Glu His Gln Gly Gly Tyr 100 105 110 Thr Pro Phe Glu Ala Asp Val Thr Pro Tyr Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Ser 115 120 125 Val Arg Ile Thr Val Cys Val Asn Asn Glu Leu Asn Trp Gln Thr Ile 130 135 140 Pro Pro Gly Met Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Asn Gly Lys Lys Lys Gln Ser 145 150 155 160 Tyr Phe His Asp Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala Gly Ile His Arg Ser Val Met 165 170 175 Leu Tyr Thr Thr Pro Asn Thr Trp Val Asp Asp Ile Thr Val Val Thr 180 185 190 His Val Ala Gln Asp Cys Asn His Ala Ser Val Asp Trp Gln Val Val 195 200 205 Ala Asn Gly Asp Val Ser Val Glu Leu Arg Asp Ala Asp Gln Gln Val 210 215 220 Val Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Leu Gln Val Val Asn Pro 225 230 235 240 His Leu Trp Gln Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Leu Cys Val Thr 245 250 255 Ala Lys Ser Gln Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile Tyr Pro Leu Arg Val Gly Ile 260 265 270 Arg Ser Val Ala Val Lys Gly Gln Gln Phe Leu Ile Asn His Lys Pro 275 280 285 Phe Tyr Phe Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg His Glu Asp Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly 290 295 300 Lys Gly Phe Asp Asn Val Leu Met Val His Asp His Ala Leu Met Asp 305 310 315 320 Trp Ile Gly Ala Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser His Tyr Pro Tyr Ala Glu 325 330 335 Glu Met Leu Asp Trp Ala Asp Glu His Gly Ile Val Val Ile Asp Glu 340 345 350 Thr Ala Ala Val Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Gly Phe Glu Ala 355 360 365 Gly Asn Lys Pro Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ala Val Asn Gly Glu 370 375 380 Thr Gln Gln Ala His Leu Gln Ala Ile Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Arg Asp 385 390 395 400 Lys Asn His Pro Ser Val Val Met Trp Ser Ile Ala Asn Glu Pro Asp 405 410 415 Thr Arg Pro Gln Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr Phe Ala Pro Leu Ala Glu Ala 420 425 430 Thr Arg Lys Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro Ile Thr Cys Val Asn Val Met 435 440 445 Phe Cys Asp Ala His Thr Asp Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Phe Asp Val Leu 450 455 460 Cys Leu Asn Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr Val Gln Ser Gly Asp Leu Glu 465 470 475 480 Thr Ala Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Glu Leu Leu Ala Trp Gln Glu Lys 485 490 495 Leu His Gln Pro Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu Tyr Gly Val Asp Thr Leu Ala 500 505 510 Gly Leu His Ser Met Tyr Thr Asp Met Trp Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Cys 515 520 525 Ala Trp Leu Asp Met Tyr His Arg Val Phe Asp Arg Val Ser Ala Val 530 535 540 Val Gly Glu Gln Val Trp Asn Phe Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Ser Gln Gly 545 550 555 560 Ile Leu Arg Val Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys Gly Ile Phe Thr Arg Asp Arg 565 570 575 Lys Pro Lys Ser Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu Gln Lys Arg Trp Thr Gly Met 580 585 590 Asn Phe Gly Glu Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly Gly Lys Gln 595 600 38 5418 DNA Artificial Sequence phas-oleo GUS-phas 38 ctgcaggaat tcattgtact cccagtatca ttatagtgaa agttttggct ctctcgccgg 60 tggtttttta cctctattta aaggggtttt ccacctaaaa attctggtat cattctcact 120 ttacttgtta ctttaatttc tcataatctt tggttgaaat tatcacgctt ccgcacacga 180 tatccctaca aatttattat ttgttaaaca ttttcaaacc gcataaaatt ttatgaagtc 240 ccgtctatct ttaatgtagt ctaacatttt catattgaaa tatataattt acttaatttt 300 agcgttggta gaaagcataa tgatttattc ttattcttct tcatataaat gtttaatata 360 caatataaac aaattcttta ccttaagaag gatttcccat tttatatttt aaaaatatat 420 ttatcaaata tttttcaacc acgtaaatct cataataata agttgtttca aaagtaataa 480 aatttaactc cataattttt ttattcgact gatcttaaag caacacccag tgacacaact 540 agccattttt ttctttgaat aaaaaaatcc aattatcatt gtattttttt tatacaatga 600 aaatttcacc aaacaatcat ttgtggtatt tctgaagcaa gtcatgttat gcaaaattct 660 ataattccca tttgacacta cggaagtaac tgaagatctg cttttacatg cgagacacat 720 cttctaaagt aattttaata atagttacta tattcaagat ttcatatatc aaatactcaa 780 tattacttct aaaaaattaa ttagatataa ttaaaatatt acttttttaa ttttaagttt 840 aattgttgaa tttgtgacta ttgatttatt attctactat gtttaaattg ttttatagat 900 agtttaaagt aaatataagt aatgtagtag agtgttagag tgttacccta aaccataaac 960 tataagattt atggtggact aattttcata tatttcttat tgcttttacc ttttcttggt 1020 atgtaagtcc gtaactggaa ttactgtggg ttgccatggc actctgtggt cttttggttc 1080 atgcatggat gcttgcgcaa gaaaaagaca aagaacaaag aaaaaagaca aaacagagag 1140 acaaaacgca atcacacaac caactcaaat tagtcactgg ctgatcaaga tcgccgcgtc 1200 catgtatgtc taaatgccat gcaaagcaac acgtgcttaa catgcacttt aaatggctca 1260 cccatctcaa cccacacaca aacacattgc ctttttcttc atcatcacca caaccacctg 1320 tatatattca ttctcttccg ccacctcaat ttcttcactt caacacacgt caacctgcat 1380 atgcgtgtca tcccatgccc aaatctccat gcatgttcca accaccttct ctcttatata 1440 atacctataa atacctctaa tatcactcac ttctttcatc atccatccat ccagagtact 1500 actactctac tactataata ccccaaccca actcatattc aatactactc tact atg 1557 Met 1 gcg gat aca gct aga gga acc cat cac gat atc atc ggc aga gac cag 1605 Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His His Asp Ile Ile Gly Arg Asp Gln 5 10 15 tac ccg atg atg ggc cga gac cga gac cag tac cag atg tcc gga cga 1653 Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met Ser Gly Arg 20 25 30 gga tct gac tac tcc aag tct agg cag att gct aaa gct gca act gct 1701 Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Thr Ala 35 40 45 gtc aca gct ggt ggt tcc ctc ctt gtt ctc tcc agc ctt acc ctt gtt 1749 Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu Val 50 55 60 65 gga act gtc ata gct ttg act gtt gca aca cct ctg ctc gtt atc ttc 1797 Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile Phe 70 75 80 agc cca atc ctt gtc ccg gct ctc atc aca gtt gca ctc ctc atc acc 1845 Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile Thr 85 90 95 ggt ttt ctt tcc tct gga ggg ttt ggc att gcc gct ata acc gtt ttc 1893 Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Phe 100 105 110 tct tgg att tac aag taagcacaca tttatcatct tacttcataa ttttgtgcaa 1948 Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 115 tatgtgcatg catgtgttga gccagtagct ttggatcaat ttttttggtc gaataacaaa 2008 tgtaacaata agaaattgca aattctaggg aacatttggt taactaaata cgaaatttga 2068 cctagctagc ttgaatgtgt ctgtgtatat catctatata ggtaaaatgc ttggtatgat 2128 acctattgat tgtgaatagg tac gca acg gga gag cac cca cag gga tca gac 2181 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp 120 125 aag ttg gac agt gca agg atg aag ttg gga agc aaa gct cag gat ctg 2229 Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala Gln Asp Leu 130 135 140 145 aaa gac aga gct cag tac tac gga cag caa cat act ggt ggg gaa cat 2277 Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His 150 155 160 gac cgt gac cgt act cgt ggt ggc cag cac act acc atg gtc tta cgt 2325 Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr Met Val Leu Arg 165 170 175 cct gta gaa acc cca acc cgt gaa atc aaa aaa ctc gac ggc ctg tgg 2373 Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Thr Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu Trp 180 185 190 gca ttc agt ctg gat cgc gaa aac tgt gga att gat cag cgt tgg tgg 2421 Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg Glu Asn Cys Gly Ile Asp Gln Arg Trp Trp 195 200 205 gaa agc gcg tta caa gaa agc cgg gca att gct gtg cca ggc agt ttt 2469 Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln Glu Ser Arg Ala Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Ser Phe 210 215 220 225 aac gat cag ttc gcc gat gca gat att cgt aat tat gcg ggc aac gtc 2517 Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Asn Tyr Ala Gly Asn Val 230 235 240 tgg tat cag cgc gaa gtc ttt ata ccg aaa ggt tgg gca ggc cag cgt 2565 Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ala Gly Gln Arg 245 250 255 atc gtg ctg cgt ttc gat gcg gtc act cat tac ggc aaa gtg tgg gtc 2613 Ile Val Leu Arg Phe Asp Ala Val Thr His Tyr Gly Lys Val Trp Val 260 265 270 aat aat cag gaa gtg atg gag cat cag ggc ggc tat acg cca ttt gaa 2661 Asn Asn Gln Glu Val Met Glu His Gln Gly Gly Tyr Thr Pro Phe Glu 275 280 285 gcc gat gtc acg ccg tat gtt att gcc ggg aaa agt gta cgt atc acc 2709 Ala Asp Val Thr Pro Tyr Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Ser Val Arg Ile Thr 290 295 300 305 gtt tgt gtg aac aac gaa ctg aac tgg cag act atc ccg ccg gga atg 2757 Val Cys Val Asn Asn Glu Leu Asn Trp Gln Thr Ile Pro Pro Gly Met 310 315 320 gtg att acc gac gaa aac ggc aag aaa aag cag tct tac ttc cat gat 2805 Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Asn Gly Lys Lys Lys Gln Ser Tyr Phe His Asp 325 330 335 ttc ttt aac tat gcc gga atc cat cgc agc gta atg ctc tac acc acg 2853 Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala Gly Ile His Arg Ser Val Met Leu Tyr Thr Thr 340 345 350 ccg aac acc tgg gtg gac gat atc acc gtg gtg acg cat gtc gcg caa 2901 Pro Asn Thr Trp Val Asp Asp Ile Thr Val Val Thr His Val Ala Gln 355 360 365 gac tgt aac cac gcg tct gtt gac tgg cag gtg gtg gcc aat ggt gat 2949 Asp Cys Asn His Ala Ser Val Asp Trp Gln Val Val Ala Asn Gly Asp 370 375 380 385 gtc agc gtt gaa ctg cgt gat gcg gat caa cag gtg gtt gca act gga 2997 Val Ser Val Glu Leu Arg Asp Ala Asp Gln Gln Val Val Ala Thr Gly 390 395 400 caa ggc act agc ggg act ttg caa gtg gtg aat ccg cac ctc tgg caa 3045 Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Leu Gln Val Val Asn Pro His Leu Trp Gln 405 410 415 ccg ggt gaa ggt tat ctc tat gaa ctg tgc gtc aca gcc aaa agc cag 3093 Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Leu Cys Val Thr Ala Lys Ser Gln 420 425 430 aca gag tgt gat atc tac ccg ctt cgc gtc ggc atc cgg tca gtg gca 3141 Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile Tyr Pro Leu Arg Val Gly Ile Arg Ser Val Ala 435 440 445 gtg aag ggc caa cag ttc ctg att aac cac aaa ccg ttc tac ttt act 3189 Val Lys Gly Gln Gln Phe Leu Ile Asn His Lys Pro Phe Tyr Phe Thr 450 455 460 465 ggc ttt ggt cgt cat gaa gat gcg gac tta cgt ggc aaa gga ttc gat 3237 Gly Phe Gly Arg His Glu Asp Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Lys Gly Phe Asp 470 475 480 aac gtg ctg atg gtg cac gac cac gca tta atg gac tgg att ggg gcc 3285 Asn Val Leu Met Val His Asp His Ala Leu Met Asp Trp Ile Gly Ala 485 490 495 aac tcc tac cgt acc tcg cat tac cct tac gct gaa gag atg ctc gac 3333 Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser His Tyr Pro Tyr Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Asp 500 505 510 tgg gca gat gaa cat ggc atc gtg gtg att gat gaa act gct gct gtc 3381 Trp Ala Asp Glu His Gly Ile Val Val Ile Asp Glu Thr Ala Ala Val 515 520 525 ggc ttt tcg ctc tct tta ggc att ggt ttc gaa gcg ggc aac aag ccg 3429 Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Gly Phe Glu Ala Gly Asn Lys Pro 530 535 540 545 aaa gaa ctg tac agc gaa gag gca gtc aac ggg gaa act cag caa gcg 3477 Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ala Val Asn Gly Glu Thr Gln Gln Ala 550 555 560 cac tta cag gcg att aaa gag ctg ata gcg cgt gac aaa aac cac cca 3525 His Leu Gln Ala Ile Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Arg Asp Lys Asn His Pro 565 570 575 agc gtg gtg atg tgg agt att gcc aac gaa ccg gat acc cgt ccg caa 3573 Ser Val Val Met Trp Ser Ile Ala Asn Glu Pro Asp Thr Arg Pro Gln 580 585 590 ggt gca cgg gaa tat ttc gcg cca ctg gcg gaa gca acg cgt aaa ctc 3621 Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr Phe Ala Pro Leu Ala Glu Ala Thr Arg Lys Leu 595 600 605 gac ccg acg cgt ccg atc acc tgc gtc aat gta atg ttc tgc gac gct 3669 Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro Ile Thr Cys Val Asn Val Met Phe Cys Asp Ala 610 615 620 625 cac acc gat acc atc agc gat ctc ttt gat gtg ctg tgc ctg aac cgt 3717 His Thr Asp Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Phe Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Asn Arg 630 635 640 tat tac gga tgg tat gtc caa agc ggc gat ttg gaa acg gca gag aag 3765 Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr Val Gln Ser Gly Asp Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Lys 645 650 655 gta ctg gaa aaa gaa ctt ctg gcc tgg cag gag aaa ctg cat cag ccg 3813 Val Leu Glu Lys Glu Leu Leu Ala Trp Gln Glu Lys Leu His Gln Pro 660 665 670 att atc atc acc gaa tac ggc gtg gat acg tta gcc ggg ctg cac tca 3861 Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu Tyr Gly Val Asp Thr Leu Ala Gly Leu His Ser 675 680 685 atg tac acc gac atg tgg agt gaa gag tat cag tgt gca tgg ctg gat 3909 Met Tyr Thr Asp Met Trp Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Cys Ala Trp Leu Asp 690 695 700 705 atg tat cac cgc gtc ttt gat cgc gtc agc gcc gtc gtc ggt gaa cag 3957 Met Tyr His Arg Val Phe Asp Arg Val Ser Ala Val Val Gly Glu Gln 710 715 720 gta tgg aat ttc gcc gat ttt gcg acc tcg caa ggc ata ttg cgc gtt 4005 Val Trp Asn Phe Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr Ser Gln Gly Ile Leu Arg Val 725 730 735 ggc ggt aac aag aaa ggg atc ttc act cgc gac cgc aaa ccg aag tcg 4053 Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys Gly Ile Phe Thr Arg Asp Arg Lys Pro Lys Ser 740 745 750 gcg gct ttt ctg ctg caa aaa cgc tgg act ggc atg aac ttc ggt gaa 4101 Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu Gln Lys Arg Trp Thr Gly Met Asn Phe Gly Glu 755 760 765 aaa ccg cag cag gga ggc aaa caa tgaatcaaca actctcctgg cgcaccatcg 4155 Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly Gly Lys Gln 770 775 tcggctacag cctcggtgga attcgatatc aagcttaaat aagtatgaac taaaatgcat 4215 gtaggtgtaa gagctcatgg agagcatgga atattgtatc cgaccatgta acagtataat 4275 aactgagctc catctcactt cttctatgaa taaacaaagg atgttatgat atattaacac 4335 tctatctatg caccttattg ttctatgata aatttcctct tattattata aatcatctga 4395 atcgtgacgg cttatggaat gcttcaaata gtacaaaaac aaatgtgtac tataagactt 4455 tctaaacaat tctaacttta gcattgtgaa cgagacataa gtgttaagaa gacataacaa 4515 ttataatgga agaagtttgt ctccatttat atattatata ttacccactt atgtattata 4575 ttaggatgtt aaggagacat aacaattata aagagagaag tttgtatcca tttatatatt 4635 atatactacc catttatata ttatacttat ccacttattt aatgtcttta taaggtttga 4695 tccatgatat ttctaatatt ttagttgata tgtatatgaa agggtactat ttgaactctc 4755 ttactctgta taaaggttgg atcatcctta aagtgggtct atttaatttt attgcttctt 4815 acagataaaa aaaaaattat gagttggttt gataaaatat tgaaggattt aaaataataa 4875 taaataataa ataacatata atatatgtat ataaatttat tataatataa catttatcta 4935 taaaaaagta aatattgtca taaatctata caatcgttta gccttgctgg acgactctca 4995 attatttaaa cgagagtaaa catatttgac tttttggtta tttaacaaat tattatttaa 5055 cactatatga aatttttttt ttttatcggc aaggaaataa aattaaatta ggagggacaa 5115 tggtgtgtcc caatccttat acaaccaact tccacaggaa ggtcaggtcg gggacaacaa 5175 aaaaacaggc aagggaaatt ttttaatttg ggttgtcttg tttgctgcat aatttatgca 5235 gtaaaacact acacataacc cttttagcag tagagcaatg gttgaccgtg tgcttagctt 5295 cttttatttt atttttttat cagcaaagaa taaataaaat aaaatgagac acttcaggga 5355 tgtttcaacc cttatacaaa accccaaaaa caagtttcct agcaccctac caactaaggt 5415 acc 5418 39 118 PRT Artificial Sequence phas-oleo GUS-phas 39 Met Ala Asp Thr Ala Arg Gly Thr His His Asp Ile Ile Gly Arg Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Tyr Pro Met Met Gly Arg Asp Arg Asp Gln Tyr Gln Met Ser Gly 20 25 30 Arg Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Lys Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Lys Ala Ala Thr 35 40 45 Ala Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Val Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Leu 50 55 60 Val Gly Thr Val Ile Ala Leu Thr Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val Ile 65 70 75 80 Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Ile 85 90 95 Thr Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile Thr Val 100 105 110 Phe Ser Trp Ile Tyr Lys 115 40 659 PRT Artificial Sequence phas-oleo GUS-phas 40 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu His Pro Gln Gly Ser Asp Lys Leu Asp Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Met Lys Leu Gly Ser Lys Ala Gln Asp Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala Gln 20 25 30 Tyr Tyr Gly Gln Gln His Thr Gly Gly Glu His Asp Arg Asp Arg Thr 35 40 45 Arg Gly Gly Gln His Thr Thr Met Val Leu Arg Pro Val Glu Thr Pro 50 55 60 Thr Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu Trp Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp 65 70 75 80 Arg Glu Asn Cys Gly Ile Asp Gln Arg Trp Trp Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln 85 90 95 Glu Ser Arg Ala Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Ser Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala 100 105 110 Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Asn Tyr Ala Gly Asn Val Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu 115 120 125 Val Phe Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ala Gly Gln Arg Ile Val Leu Arg Phe 130 135 140 Asp Ala Val Thr His Tyr Gly Lys Val Trp Val Asn Asn Gln Glu Val 145 150 155 160 Met Glu His Gln Gly Gly Tyr Thr Pro Phe Glu Ala Asp Val Thr Pro 165 170 175 Tyr Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Ser Val Arg Ile Thr Val Cys Val Asn Asn 180 185 190 Glu Leu Asn Trp Gln Thr Ile Pro Pro Gly Met Val Ile Thr Asp Glu 195 200 205 Asn Gly Lys Lys Lys Gln Ser Tyr Phe His Asp Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala 210 215 220 Gly Ile His Arg Ser Val Met Leu Tyr Thr Thr Pro Asn Thr Trp Val 225 230 235 240 Asp Asp Ile Thr Val Val Thr His Val Ala Gln Asp Cys Asn His Ala 245 250 255 Ser Val Asp Trp Gln Val Val Ala Asn Gly Asp Val Ser Val Glu Leu 260 265 270 Arg Asp Ala Asp Gln Gln Val Val Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly 275 280 285 Thr Leu Gln Val Val Asn Pro His Leu Trp Gln Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr 290 295 300 Leu Tyr Glu Leu Cys Val Thr Ala Lys Ser Gln Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile 305 310 315 320 Tyr Pro Leu Arg Val Gly Ile Arg Ser Val Ala Val Lys Gly Gln Gln 325 330 335 Phe Leu Ile Asn His Lys Pro Phe Tyr Phe Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg His 340 345 350 Glu Asp Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Lys Gly Phe Asp Asn Val Leu Met Val 355 360 365 His Asp His Ala Leu Met Asp Trp Ile Gly Ala Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr 370 375 380 Ser His Tyr Pro Tyr Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Asp Trp Ala Asp Glu His 385 390 395 400 Gly Ile Val Val Ile Asp Glu Thr Ala Ala Val Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser 405 410 415 Leu Gly Ile Gly Phe Glu Ala Gly Asn Lys Pro Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser 420 425 430 Glu Glu Ala Val Asn Gly Glu Thr Gln Gln Ala His Leu Gln Ala Ile 435 440 445 Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Arg Asp Lys Asn His Pro Ser Val Val Met Trp 450 455 460 Ser Ile Ala Asn Glu Pro Asp Thr Arg Pro Gln Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr 465 470 475 480 Phe Ala Pro Leu Ala Glu Ala Thr Arg Lys Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro 485 490 495 Ile Thr Cys Val Asn Val Met Phe Cys Asp Ala His Thr Asp Thr Ile 500 505 510 Ser Asp Leu Phe Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Asn Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr 515 520 525 Val Gln Ser Gly Asp Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Glu 530 535 540 Leu Leu Ala Trp Gln Glu Lys Leu His Gln Pro Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu 545 550 555 560 Tyr Gly Val Asp Thr Leu Ala Gly Leu His Ser Met Tyr Thr Asp Met 565 570 575 Trp Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Cys Ala Trp Leu Asp Met Tyr His Arg Val 580 585 590 Phe Asp Arg Val Ser Ala Val Val Gly Glu Gln Val Trp Asn Phe Ala 595 600 605 Asp Phe Ala Thr Ser Gln Gly Ile Leu Arg Val Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys 610 615 620 Gly Ile Phe Thr Arg Asp Arg Lys Pro Lys Ser Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu 625 630 635 640 Gln Lys Arg Trp Thr Gly Met Asn Phe Gly Glu Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly 645 650 655 Gly Lys Gln 41 5390 DNA Artificial Sequence phas-caleo-GUS-phas 41 gaattcattg tactcccagt atcattatag tgaaagtttt ggctctctcg ccggtggttt 60 tttacctcta tttaaagggg ttttccacct aaaaattctg gtatcattct cactttactt 120 gttactttaa tttctcataa tctttggttg aaattatcac gcttccgcac acgatatccc 180 tacaaattta ttatttgtta aacattttca aaccgcataa aattttatga agtcccgtct 240 atctttaatg tagtctaaca ttttcatatt gaaatatata atttacttaa ttttagcgtt 300 ggtagaaagc ataaagattt attcttattc ttcttcatat aaatgtttaa tatacaatat 360 aaacaaattc tttaccttaa gaaggatttc ccattttata ttttaaaaat atatttatca 420 aatatttttc aaccacgtaa atctcataat aataagttgt ttcaaaagta ataaaattta 480 actccataat ttttttattc gactgatctt aaagcaacac ccagtgacac aactagccat 540 ttttttcttt gaataaaaaa atccaattat cattgtattt tttttataca atgaaaattt 600 caccaaacaa tcatttgtgg tatttctgaa gcaagtcatg ttatgcaaaa ttctataatt 660 cccatttgac actacggaag taactgaaga tctgctttta catgcgagac acatcttcta 720 aagtaatttt aataatagtt actatattca agatttcata tatcaaatac tcaatattac 780 ttctaaaaaa ttaattagat ataattaaaa tattactttt ttaattttaa gtttaattgt 840 tgaatttgtg actattgatt tattattcta ctatgtttaa attgttttat agatagttta 900 aagtaaatat aagtaatgta gtagagtgtt agagtgttac cctaaaccat aaactataac 960 atttatggtg gactaatttt catatatttc ttattgcttt taccttttct tggtatgtaa 1020 gtccgtaact agaattacag tgggttgcca tgacactctg tggtcttttg gttcatgcat 1080 gggtcttgcg caagaaaaag acaaagaaca aagaaaaaag acaaaacaga gagacaaaac 1140 gcaatcacac aaccaactca aattagtcac tggctgatca agatcgccgc gtccatgtat 1200 gtctaaatgc catgcaaagc aacacgtgct taacatgcac tttaaatggc tcacccatct 1260 caacccacac acaaacacat tgcctttttc ttcatcatca ccacaaccac ctgtatatat 1320 tcattctctt ccgccacctc aatttcttca cttcaacaca cgtcaacctg catatgcgtg 1380 tcatcccatg cccaaatctc catgcatgtt ccaaccacct tctctcttat ataataccta 1440 taaatacctc taatatcact cacttctttc atcatccatc catccagagt actactactc 1500 tactactata ataccccaac ccaactcata ttcaatacta ctctacc atg ggg tca 1556 Met Gly Ser 1 aag acg gag atg atg gag aga gac gca atg gct acg gtg gct ccc tat 1604 Lys Thr Glu Met Met Glu Arg Asp Ala Met Ala Thr Val Ala Pro Tyr 5 10 15 gcg ccg gtc act tac cac cgc cgt gct cgt gtt gac ttg gat gat aga 1652 Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr His Arg Arg Ala Arg Val Asp Leu Asp Asp Arg 20 25 30 35 ctt cct aaa cct tat atg cca aga gca ttg caa gca cca gac aga gaa 1700 Leu Pro Lys Pro Tyr Met Pro Arg Ala Leu Gln Ala Pro Asp Arg Glu 40 45 50 cac ccg tac gga act cca ggc cat aag aat tac gga ctt agt gtt ctt 1748 His Pro Tyr Gly Thr Pro Gly His Lys Asn Tyr Gly Leu Ser Val Leu 55 60 65 caa cag cat gtc tcc ttc ttc gat atc gat gat aat ggc atc att tac 1796 Gln Gln His Val Ser Phe Phe Asp Ile Asp Asp Asn Gly Ile Ile Tyr 70 75 80 cct tgg gag acc tac tct gga ctg cga atg ctt ggt ttc aat atc att 1844 Pro Trp Glu Thr Tyr Ser Gly Leu Arg Met Leu Gly Phe Asn Ile Ile 85 90 95 ggg tcg ctt ata ata gcc gct gtt atc aac ctg acc ctt agc tat gcc 1892 Gly Ser Leu Ile Ile Ala Ala Val Ile Asn Leu Thr Leu Ser Tyr Ala 100 105 110 115 act ctt ccg ggg tgg tta cct tca cct ttc ttc cct ata tac ata cac 1940 Thr Leu Pro Gly Trp Leu Pro Ser Pro Phe Phe Pro Ile Tyr Ile His 120 125 130 aac ata cac aag tca aag cat gga agt gat tca aaa aca tat gac aat 1988 Asn Ile His Lys Ser Lys His Gly Ser Asp Ser Lys Thr Tyr Asp Asn 135 140 145 gaa gga agg ttt atg ccg gtg aat ctt gag ttg ata ttt agc aaa tat 2036 Glu Gly Arg Phe Met Pro Val Asn Leu Glu Leu Ile Phe Ser Lys Tyr 150 155 160 gcg aaa acc ttg cca gac aag ttg agt ctt gga gaa cta tgg gag atg 2084 Ala Lys Thr Leu Pro Asp Lys Leu Ser Leu Gly Glu Leu Trp Glu Met 165 170 175 aca gaa gga aac cgt gac gct tgg gac att ttt gga tgg atc gca ggc 2132 Thr Glu Gly Asn Arg Asp Ala Trp Asp Ile Phe Gly Trp Ile Ala Gly 180 185 190 195 aaa ata gag tgg gga ctg ttg tac ttg cta gca agg gat gaa gaa ggg 2180 Lys Ile Glu Trp Gly Leu Leu Tyr Leu Leu Ala Arg Asp Glu Glu Gly 200 205 210 ttt ttg tca aaa gaa gct att agg cgg tgt ttc gat gga agc ttg ttc 2228 Phe Leu Ser Lys Glu Ala Ile Arg Arg Cys Phe Asp Gly Ser Leu Phe 215 220 225 gag tac tgt gcc aaa atc tac gct ggt atc agt gaa gac aag aca gca 2276 Glu Tyr Cys Ala Lys Ile Tyr Ala Gly Ile Ser Glu Asp Lys Thr Ala 230 235 240 tac tac gcc atg gtc tta cgt cct gta gaa acc cca acc cgt gaa atc 2324 Tyr Tyr Ala Met Val Leu Arg Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Thr Arg Glu Ile 245 250 255 aaa aaa ctc gac ggc ctg tgg gca ttc agt ctg gat cgc gaa aac tgt 2372 Lys Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu Trp Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg Glu Asn Cys 260 265 270 275 gga att gat cag cgt tgg tgg gaa agc gcg tta caa gaa agc cgg gca 2420 Gly Ile Asp Gln Arg Trp Trp Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln Glu Ser Arg Ala 280 285 290 att gct gtg cca ggc agt ttt aac gat cag ttc gcc gat gca gat att 2468 Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Ser Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala Asp Ala Asp Ile 295 300 305 cgt aat tat gcg ggc aac gtc tgg tat cag cgc gaa gtc ttt ata ccg 2516 Arg Asn Tyr Ala Gly Asn Val Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Pro 310 315 320 aaa ggt tgg gca ggc cag cgt atc gtg ctg cgt ttc gat gcg gtc act 2564 Lys Gly Trp Ala Gly Gln Arg Ile Val Leu Arg Phe Asp Ala Val Thr 325 330 335 cat tac ggc aaa gtg tgg gtc aat aat cag gaa gtg atg gag cat cag 2612 His Tyr Gly Lys Val Trp Val Asn Asn Gln Glu Val Met Glu His Gln 340 345 350 355 ggc ggc tat acg cca ttt gaa gcc gat gtc acg ccg tat gtt att gcc 2660 Gly Gly Tyr Thr Pro Phe Glu Ala Asp Val Thr Pro Tyr Val Ile Ala 360 365 370 ggg aaa agt gta cgt atc acc gtt tgt gtg aac aac gaa ctg aac tgg 2708 Gly Lys Ser Val Arg Ile Thr Val Cys Val Asn Asn Glu Leu Asn Trp 375 380 385 cag act atc ccg ccg gga atg gtg att acc gac gaa aac ggc aag aaa 2756 Gln Thr Ile Pro Pro Gly Met Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Asn Gly Lys Lys 390 395 400 aag cag tct tac ttc cat gat ttc ttt aac tat gcc gga atc cat cgc 2804 Lys Gln Ser Tyr Phe His Asp Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala Gly Ile His Arg 405 410 415 agc gta atg ctc tac acc acg ccg aac acc tgg gtg gac gat atc acc 2852 Ser Val Met Leu Tyr Thr Thr Pro Asn Thr Trp Val Asp Asp Ile Thr 420 425 430 435 gtg gtg acg cat gtc gcg caa gac tgt aac cac gcg tct gtt gac tgg 2900 Val Val Thr His Val Ala Gln Asp Cys Asn His Ala Ser Val Asp Trp 440 445 450 cag gtg gtg gcc aat ggt gat gtc agc gtt gaa ctg cgt gat gcg gat 2948 Gln Val Val Ala Asn Gly Asp Val Ser Val Glu Leu Arg Asp Ala Asp 455 460 465 caa cag gtg gtt gca act gga caa ggc act agc ggg act ttg caa gtg 2996 Gln Gln Val Val Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr Leu Gln Val 470 475 480 gtg aat ccg cac ctc tgg caa ccg ggt gaa ggt tat ctc tat gaa ctg 3044 Val Asn Pro His Leu Trp Gln Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Leu 485 490 495 tgc gtc aca gcc aaa agc cag aca gag tgt gat atc tac ccg ctt cgc 3092 Cys Val Thr Ala Lys Ser Gln Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile Tyr Pro Leu Arg 500 505 510 515 gtc ggc atc cgg tca gtg gca gtg aag ggc caa cag ttc ctg att aac 3140 Val Gly Ile Arg Ser Val Ala Val Lys Gly Gln Gln Phe Leu Ile Asn 520 525 530 cac aaa ccg ttc tac ttt act ggc ttt ggt cgt cat gaa gat gcg gac 3188 His Lys Pro Phe Tyr Phe Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg His Glu Asp Ala Asp 535 540 545 tta cgt ggc aaa gga ttc gat aac gtg ctg atg gtg cac gac cac gca 3236 Leu Arg Gly Lys Gly Phe Asp Asn Val Leu Met Val His Asp His Ala 550 555 560 tta atg gac tgg att ggg gcc aac tcc tac cgt acc tcg cat tac cct 3284 Leu Met Asp Trp Ile Gly Ala Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser His Tyr Pro 565 570 575 tac gct gaa gag atg ctc gac tgg gca gat gaa cat ggc atc gtg gtg 3332 Tyr Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Asp Trp Ala Asp Glu His Gly Ile Val Val 580 585 590 595 att gat gaa act gct gct gtc ggc ttt tcg ctc tct tta ggc att ggt 3380 Ile Asp Glu Thr Ala Ala Val Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Leu Gly Ile Gly 600 605 610 ttc gaa gcg ggc aac aag ccg aaa gaa ctg tac agc gaa gag gca gtc 3428 Phe Glu Ala Gly Asn Lys Pro Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Glu Glu Ala Val 615 620 625 aac ggg gaa act cag caa gcg cac tta cag gcg att aaa gag ctg ata 3476 Asn Gly Glu Thr Gln Gln Ala His Leu Gln Ala Ile Lys Glu Leu Ile 630 635 640 gcg cgt gac aaa aac cac cca agc gtg gtg atg tgg agt att gcc aac 3524 Ala Arg Asp Lys Asn His Pro Ser Val Val Met Trp Ser Ile Ala Asn 645 650 655 gaa ccg gat acc cgt ccg caa ggt gca cgg gaa tat ttc gcg cca ctg 3572 Glu Pro Asp Thr Arg Pro Gln Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr Phe Ala Pro Leu 660 665 670 675 gcg gaa gca acg cgt aaa ctc gac ccg acg cgt ccg atc acc tgc gtc 3620 Ala Glu Ala Thr Arg Lys Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro Ile Thr Cys Val 680 685 690 aat gta atg ttc tgc gac gct cac acc gat acc atc agc gat ctc ttt 3668 Asn Val Met Phe Cys Asp Ala His Thr Asp Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Phe 695 700 705 gat gtg ctg tgc ctg aac cgt tat tac gga tgg tat gtc caa agc ggc 3716 Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Asn Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr Val Gln Ser Gly 710 715 720 gat ttg gaa acg gca gag aag gta ctg gaa aaa gaa ctt ctg gcc tgg 3764 Asp Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Glu Leu Leu Ala Trp 725 730 735 cag gag aaa ctg cat cag ccg att atc atc acc gaa tac ggc gtg gat 3812 Gln Glu Lys Leu His Gln Pro Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu Tyr Gly Val Asp 740 745 750 755 acg tta gcc ggg ctg cac tca atg tac acc gac atg tgg agt gaa gag 3860 Thr Leu Ala Gly Leu His Ser Met Tyr Thr Asp Met Trp Ser Glu Glu 760 765 770 tat cag tgt gca tgg ctg gat atg tat cac cgc gtc ttt gat cgc gtc 3908 Tyr Gln Cys Ala Trp Leu Asp Met Tyr His Arg Val Phe Asp Arg Val 775 780 785 agc gcc gtc gtc ggt gaa cag gta tgg aat ttc gcc gat ttt gcg acc 3956 Ser Ala Val Val Gly Glu Gln Val Trp Asn Phe Ala Asp Phe Ala Thr 790 795 800 tcg caa ggc ata ttg cgc gtt ggc ggt aac aag aaa ggg atc ttc act 4004 Ser Gln Gly Ile Leu Arg Val Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys Gly Ile Phe Thr 805 810 815 cgc gac cgc aaa ccg aag tcg gcg gct ttt ctg ctg caa aaa cgc tgg 4052 Arg Asp Arg Lys Pro Lys Ser Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu Gln Lys Arg Trp 820 825 830 835 act ggc atg aac ttc ggt gaa aaa ccg cag cag gga ggc aaa caa 4097 Thr Gly Met Asn Phe Gly Glu Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly Gly Lys Gln 840 845 850 tgaatcaaca actctcctgg cgcaccatcg tcggctacag cctcggtgga attcgatatc 4157 aagcttaaat aagtatgaac taaaatgcat gtaggtgtaa gagctcatgg agagcatgga 4217 atattgtatc cgaccatgta acagtataat aactgagctc catctcactt cttctatgaa 4277 taaacaaagg atgttatgat atattaacac tctatctatg caccttattg ttctatgata 4337 aatttcctct tattattata aatcatctga atcgtgacgg cttatggaat gcttcaaata 4397 gtacaaaaac aaatgtgtac tataagactt tctaaacaat tctaacttta gcattgtgaa 4457 cgagacataa gtgttaagaa gacataacaa ttataatgga agaagtttgt ctccatttat 4517 atattatata ttacccactt atgtattata ttaggatgtt aaggagacat aacaattata 4577 aagagagaag tttgtatcca tttatatatt atatactacc catttatata ttatacttat 4637 ccacttattt aatgtcttta taaggtttga tccatgatat ttctaatatt ttagttgata 4697 tgtatatgaa agggtactat ttgaactctc ttactctgta taaaggttgg atcatcctta 4757 aagtgggtct atttaatttt attgcttctt acagataaaa aaaaaattat gagttggttt 4817 gataaaatat tgaaggattt aaaataataa taaataataa ataacatata atatatgtat 4877 ataaatttat tataatataa catttatcta taaaaaagta aatattgtca taaatctata 4937 caatcgttta gccttgctgg acgactctca attatttaaa cgagagtaaa catatttgac 4997 tttttggtta tttaacaaat tattatttaa cactatatga aatttttttt ttttatcggc 5057 aaggaaataa aattaaatta ggagggacaa tggtgtgtcc caatccttat acaaccaact 5117 tccacaggaa ggtcaggtcg gggacaacaa aaaaacaggc aagggaaatt ttttaatttg 5177 ggttgtcttg tttgctgcat aatttatgca gtaaaacact acacataacc cttttagcag 5237 tagagcaatg gttgaccgtg tgcttagctt cttttatttt atttttttat cagcaaagaa 5297 taaataaaat aaaatgagac acttcaggga tgtttcaacc cttatacaaa accccaaaaa 5357 caagtttcct agcaccctac caactaaggt acc 5390 42 850 PRT Artificial Sequence phas-caleo-GUS-phas 42 Met Gly Ser Lys Thr Glu Met Met Glu Arg Asp Ala Met Ala Thr Val 1 5 10 15 Ala Pro Tyr Ala Pro Val Thr Tyr His Arg Arg Ala Arg Val Asp Leu 20 25 30 Asp Asp Arg Leu Pro Lys Pro Tyr Met Pro Arg Ala Leu Gln Ala Pro 35 40 45 Asp Arg Glu His Pro Tyr Gly Thr Pro Gly His Lys Asn Tyr Gly Leu 50 55 60 Ser Val Leu Gln Gln His Val Ser Phe Phe Asp Ile Asp Asp Asn Gly 65 70 75 80 Ile Ile Tyr Pro Trp Glu Thr Tyr Ser Gly Leu Arg Met Leu Gly Phe 85 90 95 Asn Ile Ile Gly Ser Leu Ile Ile Ala Ala Val Ile Asn Leu Thr Leu 100 105 110 Ser Tyr Ala Thr Leu Pro Gly Trp Leu Pro Ser Pro Phe Phe Pro Ile 115 120 125 Tyr Ile His Asn Ile His Lys Ser Lys His Gly Ser Asp Ser Lys Thr 130 135 140 Tyr Asp Asn Glu Gly Arg Phe Met Pro Val Asn Leu Glu Leu Ile Phe 145 150 155 160 Ser Lys Tyr Ala Lys Thr Leu Pro Asp Lys Leu Ser Leu Gly Glu Leu 165 170 175 Trp Glu Met Thr Glu Gly Asn Arg Asp Ala Trp Asp Ile Phe Gly Trp 180 185 190 Ile Ala Gly Lys Ile Glu Trp Gly Leu Leu Tyr Leu Leu Ala Arg Asp 195 200 205 Glu Glu Gly Phe Leu Ser Lys Glu Ala Ile Arg Arg Cys Phe Asp Gly 210 215 220 Ser Leu Phe Glu Tyr Cys Ala Lys Ile Tyr Ala Gly Ile Ser Glu Asp 225 230 235 240 Lys Thr Ala Tyr Tyr Ala Met Val Leu Arg Pro Val Glu Thr Pro Thr 245 250 255 Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Leu Asp Gly Leu Trp Ala Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg 260 265 270 Glu Asn Cys Gly Ile Asp Gln Arg Trp Trp Glu Ser Ala Leu Gln Glu 275 280 285 Ser Arg Ala Ile Ala Val Pro Gly Ser Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Ala Asp 290 295 300 Ala Asp Ile Arg Asn Tyr Ala Gly Asn Val Trp Tyr Gln Arg Glu Val 305 310 315 320 Phe Ile Pro Lys Gly Trp Ala Gly Gln Arg Ile Val Leu Arg Phe Asp 325 330 335 Ala Val Thr His Tyr Gly Lys Val Trp Val Asn Asn Gln Glu Val Met 340 345 350 Glu His Gln Gly Gly Tyr Thr Pro Phe Glu Ala Asp Val Thr Pro Tyr 355 360 365 Val Ile Ala Gly Lys Ser Val Arg Ile Thr Val Cys Val Asn Asn Glu 370 375 380 Leu Asn Trp Gln Thr Ile Pro Pro Gly Met Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Asn 385 390 395 400 Gly Lys Lys Lys Gln Ser Tyr Phe His Asp Phe Phe Asn Tyr Ala Gly 405 410 415 Ile His Arg Ser Val Met Leu Tyr Thr Thr Pro Asn Thr Trp Val Asp 420 425 430 Asp Ile Thr Val Val Thr His Val Ala Gln Asp Cys Asn His Ala Ser 435 440 445 Val Asp Trp Gln Val Val Ala Asn Gly Asp Val Ser Val Glu Leu Arg 450 455 460 Asp Ala Asp Gln Gln Val Val Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly Thr Ser Gly Thr 465 470 475 480 Leu Gln Val Val Asn Pro His Leu Trp Gln Pro Gly Glu Gly Tyr Leu 485 490 495 Tyr Glu Leu Cys Val Thr Ala Lys Ser Gln Thr Glu Cys Asp Ile Tyr 500 505 510 Pro Leu Arg Val Gly Ile Arg Ser Val Ala Val Lys Gly Gln Gln Phe 515 520 525 Leu Ile Asn His Lys Pro Phe Tyr Phe Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg His Glu 530 535 540 Asp Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Lys Gly Phe Asp Asn Val Leu Met Val His 545 550 555 560 Asp His Ala Leu Met Asp Trp Ile Gly Ala Asn Ser Tyr Arg Thr Ser 565 570 575 His Tyr Pro Tyr Ala Glu Glu Met Leu Asp Trp Ala Asp Glu His Gly 580 585 590 Ile Val Val Ile Asp Glu Thr Ala Ala Val Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Leu 595 600 605 Gly Ile Gly Phe Glu Ala Gly Asn Lys Pro Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Glu 610 615 620 Glu Ala Val Asn Gly Glu Thr Gln Gln Ala His Leu Gln Ala Ile Lys 625 630 635 640 Glu Leu Ile Ala Arg Asp Lys Asn His Pro Ser Val Val Met Trp Ser 645 650 655 Ile Ala Asn Glu Pro Asp Thr Arg Pro Gln Gly Ala Arg Glu Tyr Phe 660 665 670 Ala Pro Leu Ala Glu Ala Thr Arg Lys Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Pro Ile 675 680 685 Thr Cys Val Asn Val Met Phe Cys Asp Ala His Thr Asp Thr Ile Ser 690 695 700 Asp Leu Phe Asp Val Leu Cys Leu Asn Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Trp Tyr Val 705 710 715 720 Gln Ser Gly Asp Leu Glu Thr Ala Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Lys Glu Leu 725 730 735 Leu Ala Trp Gln Glu Lys Leu His Gln Pro Ile Ile Ile Thr Glu Tyr 740 745 750 Gly Val Asp Thr Leu Ala Gly Leu His Ser Met Tyr Thr Asp Met Trp 755 760 765 Ser Glu Glu Tyr Gln Cys Ala Trp Leu Asp Met Tyr His Arg Val Phe 770 775 780 Asp Arg Val Ser Ala Val Val Gly Glu Gln Val Trp Asn Phe Ala Asp 785 790 795 800 Phe Ala Thr Ser Gln Gly Ile Leu Arg Val Gly Gly Asn Lys Lys Gly 805 810 815 Ile Phe Thr Arg Asp Arg Lys Pro Lys Ser Ala Ala Phe Leu Leu Gln 820 825 830 Lys Arg Trp Thr Gly Met Asn Phe Gly Glu Lys Pro Gln Gln Gly Gly 835 840 845 Lys Gln 850 

Claims 1-41
 42. A method for the expression of a heterologous polypeptide by a host cell said method comprising: a) introducing into a host cell a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said host cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell; and b) growing said host cell to produce the fusion polypeptide.
 43. The method according to claim 42 further including separating the recombinant fusion polypeptide from cellular host cell components by selective partitioning into a lipid phase.
 44. The method according to claim 43 wherein said selective partitioning comprises centrifugation, floatation or size exclusion.
 45. The method according to claim 42 further including separating the recombinant fusion polypeptide from cellular host components by selective partitioning into a lipid phase comprising oil bodies.
 46. The method according to claim 45 wherein said recombinant fusion polypeptide is separated by addition of oil body components and reconstitution of the oil bodies.
 47. The method according to claim 43 further comprising releasing the heterologous polypeptide from the fusion polypeptide associated with the lipid phase, said method comprising: c) including in said second nucleic acid sequence (2) between said nucleic acid sequence (i) encoding the oil body protein and the nucleic acid sequence (ii) encoding the heterologous polypeptide, a linker nucleic acid sequence (iii) encoding an amino acid sequence that is specifically cleavable by enzymatic or chemical means; and d) contacting the lipid phase with said enzymatic or chemical means such that said heterologous polypeptide is released from the fusion polypeptide.
 48. The method according to claim 47 wherein said linker nucleic acid sequence encodes an amino acid sequence that is recognizable by the proteolytic action of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of thrombin, factor Xa, collagenase, chymosin, clostrapain and viral protease.
 49. The method according to claim 47 wherein said enzymatic means comprises an enzyme that is immobilized.
 50. The method according to claim 49 wherein said enzyme is immobilized by attachment to an oil body protein that is associated with an oil body.
 51. The method according to claim 42 wherein said recombinant polypeptide is an enzyme.
 52. The method according to claim 51 wherein said recombinant polypeptide is an enzyme that retains its enzymatic properties while part of the fusion polypeptide is associated with the oil body.
 53. A method of preparing an enzyme in a host cell in association with an oil body and releasing said enzyme from the oil body, said method comprising: a) transforming a host cell with a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to an oil body; (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an enzyme and (iii) a linker nucleic acid sequence located between said nucleic acid sequence (i) encoding the oil body and said nucleic acid sequence (ii) encoding the enzyme and encoding an amino acid sequence that is cleavable by the enzyme encoded by the nucleic acid sequence (ii); and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in said host cell b) growing the host cell to produce the fusion polypeptide under conditions such that enzyme is not active; c) recovering the oil bodies containing the fusion polypeptide; and d) altering the environment of the oil bodies such that the enzyme is activated and cleaves itself from the fusion polypeptide.
 54. The method according to claim 53 wherein said enzyme is activated by lowering the pH or altering the temperature of the oil body environment.
 55. The method according to claim 42 wherein said heterologous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of antibodies, glycanases, hormones, proteases, protease inhibitors and seed storage proteins.
 56. The method according to claim 42 wherein said heterologous polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of a thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, an interleuken, chymosin, cystatin, xylanase, carp growth hormone, zein, an antibody and a collagenase.
 57. The method according to claim 42 wherein said host cell is an insect or animal cell.
 58. A method according to claim 42 wherein said oil body protein gene is from a plant.
 59. A method according to claim 58 wherein said oil body protein gene is an oleosin or a caleosin.
 60. A method for the expression of a heterologous polypeptide by a host cell said method comprising: a) generating by homologous recombination into a host cell a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating transcription in said host cell 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient amount of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase, linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell; and b) growing said host cell to produce the heterologous polypeptide.
 61. A chimeric nucleic acid sequence, capable of being expressed in association with an oil body of a host cell comprising: 1) a first nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating the transcription in said host cell of 2) a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein said second sequence encodes a fusion polypeptide and comprises (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase linked in reading frame to (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide; and 3) a third nucleic acid sequence encoding a termination region functional in the host cell.
 62. The chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim 61 wherein said nucleic acid sequence (ii) encodes an enzyme.
 63. The chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim 61 further including (iii) a linker nucleic acid sequence encoding an amino acid sequence that is specifically cleavable by enzymatic means wherein said linker nucleic acid sequence (iii) is located between said (i) nucleic acid sequence encoding the oil body protein and said (ii) nucleic acid sequence encoding the heterologous polypeptide.
 64. The chimeric nucleic acid according to claim 63 wherein said linker nucleic acid sequence (iii) encodes a cleavage site for an enzyme selected from the group consisting of thrombin, factor Xa, collagenase chymosin and viral protease.
 65. A chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim 61 wherein said oil body protein gene is from a plant.
 66. A chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim 61 wherein said oil body protein gene is an oleosin or a caleosin.
 67. An expression cassette comprising a chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim
 61. 68. An animal transformed with a chimeric nucleic acid sequence according to claim
 61. 69. A fusion polypeptide encoded for by a chimeric nucleic acid sequence comprising (i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a sufficient portion of an oil body protein gene to provide targeting of the fusion polypeptide to a lipid phase and (ii) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heterologous polypeptide. 